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Sometimes a word does have multiple "valid" pitch accent patterns. Daijirin often lists multiple pitch downstep numbers for terms that have them, like, say, the entry for とらまえる, which lists patterns …

I see that there's a 老人語 article on the Japanese Wikipedia, discussing some of the fictional and real-world instances of 老人語. There is also a list of characteristically 老人語 words.

My main source for dictionary stuff is the 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 ("NKD"). I've got a dead-tree version of the abridged second-edition, but I mostly use the one available publicly online at Kotobank, a …

Yes, as @sundowner noted in that final paragraph, there are enough exceptions in Japanese writing that any programmatic approach would have to start with a dictionary (in programming terms). This dict …