I noticed that some i-adjectives have specific prefixes that can be used to intensify the quality of the states that are described by the adjectives, similar to "flaming hot", "freezing cold" etc in English. Some examples:

物{もの}凄{すご}い
蒸{む}し暑{あつ}い
膚{はだ}寒{さむ}い
[容易]{たやす}い
手{て}厳{きび}しい
真{ま}新{あたら}しい

With color adjectives, there is 真 which intensifies as well as makes the i-adjectives into na-adjectives:

真{ま}っ白{しろ}
真{ま}っ黒{くろ}
真{ま}っ赤{か}
真{ま}っ青{さお}

However, there are prefixes that focus rather than intensify the i-adjectives. Examples for 苦しい {くるしい}:

重{おも}苦{くる}しい = gloomy, heavy (focus on the atmosphere)
息{いき}苦{ぐる}しい = choking, suffocating (focus on the air)
寝{ね}苦{ぐる}しい = unable to sleep well (focus on the sleeping/rest)
見{み}苦{ぐる}しい = ugly (focus on the look)
狭{せま}苦{くる}しい = cramped (focus on the space)
堅{かた}苦{ぐる}しい = strict (focus on the flexibility)

So my questions are:

1. Is there special categories and treatment for these prefixes in Japanese language?

2. Are there websites/resources/lists where I can look up if a particular i-adjective has an intensifier or not?

I noticed that some i-adjectives have specific prefixes that can be used to intensify the quality of the states that are described by the adjectives, similar to "flaming hot", "freezing cold" etc in English. Some examples:

物{もの}凄{すご}い

蒸{む}し暑{あつ}い

膚{はだ}寒{さむ}い

[容易]{たやす}い

手{て}厳{きび}しい

真{ま}新{あたら}しい

With color adjectives, there is 真 which intensifies as well as makes the i-adjectives into na-adjectives:

真{ま}っ白{しろ}

真{ま}っ黒{くろ}

真{ま}っ赤{か}

真{ま}っ青{さお}

However, there are prefixes that focus rather than intensify the i-adjectives. Examples for 苦しい {くるしい}:

重{おも}苦{くる}しい = gloomy, heavy (focus on the atmosphere)

息{いき}苦{ぐる}しい = choking, suffocating (focus on the air)

寝{ね}苦{ぐる}しい = unable to sleep well (focus on the sleeping/rest)

見{み}苦{ぐる}しい = ugly (focus on the look)

狭{せま}苦{くる}しい = cramped (focus on the space)

堅{かた}苦{ぐる}しい = strict (focus on the flexibility)

So my questions are:

1. Is there special categories and treatment for these prefixes in Japanese language?

2. Are there websites/resources/lists where I can look up if a particular i-adjective has an intensifier or not?

I noticed that some i-adjectives have specific prefixes that can be used to intensify the quality of the states that are described by the adjectives, similar to "flaming hot", "freezing cold" etc in English. Some examples:

物凄い {ものすごい}

蒸し暑い {むしあつい}

膚寒い {はださむい}

容易い {たやすい}

手厳しい {てきびしい}

真新しい {まあたらしい}

With color adjectives, there is 真 which intensifies as well as makes the i-adjectives into na-adjectives:

• 真っ白 {まっしろ}
• 真っ黒 {まっくろ}
• 真っ赤 {まっか}
• 真青 {まさお}

However, there are prefixes that focus rather than intensify the i-adjectives. Examples for 苦しい {くるしい}:

• 重苦しい {おもくるしい} = gloomy, heavy (focus on the atmosphere)
• 息苦しい {いきぐるしい} = choking, suffocating (focus on the air)
• 寝苦しい {ねぐるしい} = unable to sleep well (focus on the sleeping/rest)
• 見苦しい {みぐるしい} = ugly (focus on the look)
• 狭苦しい {せまくるしい} = cramped (focus on the space)
• 堅苦しい {かたぐるしい} = strict (focus on the flexibility)

So my questions are:

1. Is there special categories and treatment for these prefixes in Japanese language?

2. Are there websites/resources/lists where I can look up if a particular i-adjective has an intensifier or not?

I noticed that some i-adjectives have specific prefixes that can be used to intensify the quality of the states that are described by the adjectives, similar to "flaming hot", "freezing cold" etc in English. Some examples:

物{もの}凄{すご}い
蒸{む}し暑{あつ}い
膚{はだ}寒{さむ}い
[容易]{たやす}い
手{て}厳{きび}しい
真{ま}新{あたら}しい

With color adjectives, there is 真 which intensifies as well as makes the i-adjectives into na-adjectives:

真{ま}っ白{しろ}
真{ま}っ黒{くろ}
真{ま}っ赤{か}
真{ま}っ青{さお}

However, there are prefixes that focus rather than intensify the i-adjectives. Examples for 苦しい {くるしい}:

重{おも}苦{くる}しい = gloomy, heavy (focus on the atmosphere)
息{いき}苦{ぐる}しい = choking, suffocating (focus on the air)
寝{ね}苦{ぐる}しい = unable to sleep well (focus on the sleeping/rest)
見{み}苦{ぐる}しい = ugly (focus on the look)
狭{せま}苦{くる}しい = cramped (focus on the space)
堅{かた}苦{ぐる}しい = strict (focus on the flexibility)

So my questions are:

1. Is there special categories and treatment for these prefixes in Japanese language?

2. Are there websites/resources/lists where I can look up if a particular i-adjective has an intensifier or not?