Basically, っていう (or という) encloses the preceding part within a clause, or "quote". I assume you're already familiar with its basic usage like these and these. So ending a sentence with っていう means making the entire sentence one level deep, in a clause. In English, this wouldmay be similar to starting a sentence with "It's like ～".
People do this for various reasons, but overall, it doesn't add much to the sentence. It may be used to convey opinions or conclusions mildly, avoiding an assertive tone. It may be used to quote a proverb or emphasize a joke. It may be used to show disbelief to the content. For variations like っつう, a few people even use it almost meaninglessly, like a habit. In your first example, っていう indeed encloses an unexpected event (怒られちゃう) and makes it stand out, but its actual effect would depend on the context. Depending on whether it's said as a complaint, as a joke, or with a lack of confidence, the nuance of this っていう would vary significantly. In any case, っていう does not have a specific and explicit connotation like "a result is different from one's expectation".
I don't think it's a good idea to over-generalize this. というのに should be learned as a different construction.