17
This type of も does not mean "also". In this case, it adds the nuance of "of course", "it's only natural" or "it's no wonder". It is used with something that describes a reason or a cause.
昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹も空くよ。
昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹が空きもするよ。
全く連絡がないんだから、心配もしますよ。
たった1000円なら、流石に買えもしますよ。(=買えますよ)
そんなに悪く言われたんじゃ、彼も怒るわけだよ／...
13
This でも means "〜 or something similar". So メシでも食べて means "eat some rice or something". The ででも in question is just the action-location-marker で plus the previous でも. So 舞台袖ででも大人しくして means "wait/behave quietly in the 舞台袖 (or somewhere)".
(Not sure of the best translation for 舞台袖 -- literally the "wings of the stage", but maybe something like "off-stage" ...
11
夏休みももう終わりだ。
According to 明鏡国語辞典:
も 🈩副助
⓭ 軽い詠嘆を込めて物事をとりたてる。多く、人為を超えた物事の順当な推移についていう。
「夜もふけた」「暮れもおしつまった」「今や春もたけなわ」「ついに夏休み[戦争]も終わった」
So the も expresses 軽い詠嘆, light exclamation/admiration.
もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over.
You're right. だ/です is a copula. です is the polite version of だ.
もう has several meanings ...
10
わたしの父は中国語も英語も話せます。
My father can speak both Chinese and English.
～も～も is how you say "both ... and ..." in Japanese. It works with all particles, as も does by itself, i.e. usually replaces は, が, を and follows へ, に, etc.
It also works with more than two も's, e.g.
わたしの父は中国語も英語もドイツ語も話せます。
My father can speak (all of) Chinese, English and German.
The ...
10
You can say:
日本で英語を教えたい。書道の勉強もしたい。
which literally means "I want to teach English in Japan. I want to do the study of calligraphy, too."
You could also say:
日本で英語を教えたい。書道も勉強したい。or 書道も[習]{なら}いたい。
where も is replacing を. (書道をも is grammatically correct but sounds literary and maybe a bit archaic.)
You're right that (1) 私も書道を勉強したい is like saying "...
10
This is an instance of the pattern VようにもBない
作ろう is what is often called the "volitional form" in English. The root verb is 作る [to make].
にも expresses "even though" and when joined to the volitional form makes a conditional "even if you wanted to V". Here, it means "even if you wanted to make some thing [to eat]"
材料 = ingredients in this context
も何もない = ...
10
I think the も here is this:
1⃣ 係助詞 3-㋑動詞の連用形や動作性名詞に付き、打消しの語と呼応して、強い否定の意を表す。「思いもよらぬ話」「返事もしない」(デジタル大辞泉)
So the も indicates emphasis, used with a negative phrase.
I think this も is usually translated as "even":
訴訟を辞さない wouldn't hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring a lawsuit
訴訟も辞さない wouldn't even hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring even a ...
9
殺しても殺したりねぇ
殺したりねぇ is a collapsed, rough, usually masculine way of pronouncing 殺し[足]{た}りない, literally "don't kill enough". You use ～たりない like this:
食べたりない don't/didn't eat enough (-> I'm not full. I can / want to eat some more)
飲みたりない don't/didn't drink enough (-> I can / want to drink some more)
言いたりない don't/didn't say enough (-> I have more to say)
...
9
You are correct that 佐藤さん is the topic in these sentences, but your understanding that も can be used "when the topic remains the same" is incorrect.
The actual usage of も is the opposite - it introduces a new topic (or other element in the sentence) to which the same statement applies. The word to which も is attached should be the only element in the ...
9
It is all about grammar and nothing else.
「(Number) + も」 functions adverbially to modify a verb.
「(Number) + も + の」 functions adjectivally to modify a noun.
Let us look at your example sentences:
「彼{かれ}は何十冊{なんじゅっさつ}もの日本{にほん}に関{かん}する本{ほん}を持{も}っている。」
「何十冊もの」 modifies the noun 「本」.
「高速道路{こうそくどうろ}は何千{なんぜん}もの車{くるま}で渋滞{じゅうたい}した。」
「何千もの」 modifies the noun 「車」....
9
「高層{こうそう}ビルに何車線{なんしゃせん}もの道路{どうろ}。」
You clearly are unfamiliar with this use of 「に」. You are thinking of "at", "in", etc., which is why this phrase makes no sense to you.
This phrase makes perfect sense and it is very natural-sounding.
「に」 here means "and", "in addition to", etc. That usage can be found even in Jisho. See definition #8 in:
https://jisho....
8
Both are 100% grammatical and natural-sounding, but since the two phrases are used in different situations/contexts, they are not interchangeable.
「犬{いぬ}と猫{ねこ}が好{す}き」 is said when "dogs and cats" have not specifically been mentioned between the speaker and listener.
The best example of that situation would be when someone asks you the question: 「どんな動物{...
8
This is what 庭三郎 calls the 「詠嘆のモ」, "the exclamation も".
その他に、「詠嘆のモ」と言われる用法があります。
巨人も弱くなったねえ。
この場合、他にも弱くなったチームがあって（例えば阪神）、それと同じよ
うに、というわけではありません。たんにそのＮについて、述語が表す内容が 起こったことを（軽く）詠嘆的に述べているだけです。
俺も年をとったなあ。
あんたも馬鹿だねえ。
秋もようやく深まって、・・・
http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/18fukujosi.html
The nuance here is something like "This is ...
8
その話は前にも聞いたよ。
The も means "too; also; as well". 前にも means "(something happened) before, too (as well as now)". So you'd say 前にも when something that happened before is happening again now. Compare:
その話は前にも聞いたよ。 I heard that before, too. / This is not the first time you've told me the story. / This is the second time you're telling me that.
その話は前に聞いたよ。...
8
見るも is better remembered as a fixed adverbial idiom "patently", "manifestly" but usually qualifies what is shocking at first glance.
This phrase cooccurs with following adjectives across the BCCWJ:
word
count
無残/無惨/無慙/無ざん/むざん
32
哀れ/あわれ
7
恐ろしい/おそろしい
5
おぞましい
4
痛々しい
3
あさましい
1
嫌
1
悲しい
1
きれい
1
燦爛
1
獰猛
1
悲惨
1
まばゆい
1
まぶしい
1
みじめ
1
...
7
These types of "why" questions are difficult to answer, but I would say that it was because the repetition makes the phrase sound emphatic both quickly and effectively.
Interestingly enough, this is far from being a Japanese-only phenomenon.
In English, one says "neither A nor B". The "n" sound is repeated.
In French, it is "ni A ni B". Double "n", ...
7
Since most of Japanese Question + も patterns ("any- (... not)") are, as you know, only allowed to be used with negative predicates, we usually make some workarounds to express the "every-" idea. Unfortunately, the ways we've taken are not consistent across words, so maybe you're confused by it.
any- (+ NEG) no matter - (regular) every- (...
7
食べる eat
食べない not eat
食べはしない not eat (but do drink)
食べもしない not even eat
食べすらしない not even so much as eat
and so on
わ as a sentence-ender is used differently in different dialects. With no context here （壊すわ） it's hard to say exactly, but in general, in the standard dialect, it's used for feminine emphasis.
[edit] per the comment from blutorange, the ...
7
I listed up several examples that I can use ‘も.’ in the sentence, but I cannot think up how I should incorporate the nuance of ‘も’ into English.
Even if I omit ‘も,’ from the following examples, you can understand or guess what I mean, but they sound sometimes awkward without “も.”
冗談も程々に - Refrain from joking.
今にも雨が降り出しそうだ - It’s going to start raining right ...
7
「5千円{せんえん}もした」
「も」 has far more meanings than people tend to think.
This 「も」 expresses a surprise or deep impression.
"(It) cost me a whopping 5,000 yen."
It is saying that it was way more expensive than expected.
See definition #5 in デジタル大辞泉.
も［係助・接助・終助］🈩［係助］
５ 驚{おどろ}き・感動{かんどう}の意{い}を表{あらわ}す。「この本{ほん}、三千円{さんぜんえん}もするんだって」
If you are not ...
7
tl;dr: 「は」 is a big no-no for the subject marker in if-clauses.
A two-step explanation will be in order here.
First, there is a big grammar rule that says "DO NOT use 「は」 as the subject marker in an if-clause. Use 「が」 for that."
Correct:「キミが行{い}くなら、ボクも行く。」
Incorrect:「キミは行くなら、ボクも行く。」
This seems to be a very common mistake among Japanese-learners. ...
7
I think your confusion comes from the fact that there is more than one way to use particles for an emphatic effect.
Sentence final particles
Sentence final particles よ, ぞ, ぜ, わ and others are sometimes called emphatic particles. They are added to the end of a sentence for an emphatic effect — for example, conveying that you feel strongly about something.
...
7
The dictionary form + も behaves quite different from te-form + も.
Firstly, it is relatively more bookish. I don't mean you can't use it for a casual topic, but you have to keep the sentence that contains this conjunction in a detached style, like academic or journalistic writing. You can't use it with final particles (ね/よ etc.). Using it in polite ending (...
7
I believe that the name is highly likely to be もえ instead of ももえ. While both names exist, the context makes it clear: the sender (the green balloon) asked first whether they can have the phone call and the replier (the white balloon) is replying 私ももえと電話したい. If it were to be interpreted as 私、ももえと電話したい, it will sound abrupt and out of context, since 私、...
6
Short answer:
と = and (giving an exhaustive list where you're enumerating everything)
も = also (could be creating a new list or adding to an existing list)
や = things like...and... (clearly only giving samples from the list)
More detailed answer:
I'll start by stealing one of my examples from whats the difference between し and と?
[八百屋]{やおや}で[林檎]{りんご}...
6
That is not the [尊敬]{そんけい} usage of にも for at least three reasons.
1) 尊敬 (= "respect") is already expressed in the words [陛下]{へいか} and the お part of お[考]{かんが}え.
2) 「～～にも考えがある」 is a frequently-used set phrase in which the subject (the ~~ part) can be a first-person pronoun or even a murderer.
3) にも is used for 尊敬 only in highly limited situations, such as ...
6
Of course, 〜てもいい is not limited to borrowing, but rather any form of permission.
Being very literal...
エンピツを借りる "to borrow a pencil"
エンピツを借りていい？ "Is it okay if I borrow a pencil?"
エンピツを借りてもいい？ "Is it okay even if I borrow a pencil?"
It is certainly not ungrammatical to have a も there (syntactically, you can insert any 係助詞{かかりじょし} between the て and ...
6
The も moves because 誰も is not a single word; it is two words. The も is the very same as in 私もそう思う.
The combination of a question phrase and も becomes 'any~~~'; for example, you could say
誰のせい？
Whose fault is it?
Someone may answer
誰のせいでもない
It's no one's fault.
You may be familiar with ～ても 'even if'; combining this with a question word results in ...
6
に in 前に can serve as a time marker (as in その時に) which would complete the "before" translation.
も and the ending よ give an additional sense of "already," perhaps multiple times before. The combined にも can express annoyance.
前にもあった：It has happened before.
前にも言ったけど: I've (already) said it before, but...
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