17
This type of も does not mean "also". In this case, it adds the nuance of "of course", "it's only natural" or "it's no wonder". It is used with something that describes a reason or a cause.
昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹も空くよ。
昨日から何も食べてないの？ そりゃ、お腹が空きもするよ。
全く連絡がないんだから、心配もしますよ。
たった1000円なら、流石に買えもしますよ。(=買えますよ)
そんなに悪く言われたんじゃ、彼も怒るわけだよ／...
13
This でも means "〜 or something similar". So メシでも食べて means "eat some rice or something". The ででも in question is just the action-location-marker で plus the previous でも. So 舞台袖ででも大人しくして means "wait/behave quietly in the 舞台袖 (or somewhere)".
(Not sure of the best translation for 舞台袖 -- literally the "wings of the stage", but maybe something like "off-stage" ...
12
夏休みももう終わりだ。
According to 明鏡国語辞典:
も 🈩副助
⓭ 軽い詠嘆を込めて物事をとりたてる。多く、人為を超えた物事の順当な推移についていう。
「夜もふけた」「暮れもおしつまった」「今や春もたけなわ」「ついに夏休み[戦争]も終わった」
So the も expresses 軽い詠嘆, light exclamation/admiration.
もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over.
You're right. だ/です is a copula. です is the polite version of だ.
もう has several meanings ...
11
You can say:
日本で英語を教えたい。書道の勉強もしたい。
which literally means "I want to teach English in Japan. I want to do the study of calligraphy, too."
You could also say:
日本で英語を教えたい。書道も勉強したい。or 書道も[習]{なら}いたい。
where も is replacing を. (書道をも is grammatically correct but sounds literary and maybe a bit archaic.)
You're right that (1) 私も書道を勉強したい is like saying "...
11
I think the も here is this:
1⃣ 係助詞 3-㋑動詞の連用形や動作性名詞に付き、打消しの語と呼応して、強い否定の意を表す。「思いもよらぬ話」「返事もしない」(デジタル大辞泉)
So the も indicates emphasis, used with a negative phrase.
I think this も is usually translated as "even":
訴訟を辞さない wouldn't hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring a lawsuit
訴訟も辞さない wouldn't even hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring even a ...
10
わたしの父は中国語も英語も話せます。
My father can speak both Chinese and English.
～も～も is how you say "both ... and ..." in Japanese. It works with all particles, as も does by itself, i.e. usually replaces は, が, を and follows へ, に, etc.
It also works with more than two も's, e.g.
わたしの父は中国語も英語もドイツ語も話せます。
My father can speak (all of) Chinese, English and German.
The ...
10
殺しても殺したりねぇ
殺したりねぇ is a collapsed, rough, usually masculine way of pronouncing 殺し[足]{た}りない, literally "don't kill enough". You use ～たりない like this:
食べたりない don't/didn't eat enough (-> I'm not full. I can / want to eat some more)
飲みたりない don't/didn't drink enough (-> I can / want to drink some more)
言いたりない don't/didn't say enough (-> I have more to say)
...
10
This is an instance of the pattern VようにもBない
作ろう is what is often called the "volitional form" in English. The root verb is 作る [to make].
にも expresses "even though" and when joined to the volitional form makes a conditional "even if you wanted to V". Here, it means "even if you wanted to make some thing [to eat]"
材料 = ingredients in this context
も何もない = ...
9
You are correct that 佐藤さん is the topic in these sentences, but your understanding that も can be used "when the topic remains the same" is incorrect.
The actual usage of も is the opposite - it introduces a new topic (or other element in the sentence) to which the same statement applies. The word to which も is attached should be the only element in the ...
8
I listed up several examples that I can use ‘も.’ in the sentence, but I cannot think up how I should incorporate the nuance of ‘も’ into English.
Even if I omit ‘も,’ from the following examples, you can understand or guess what I mean, but they sound sometimes awkward without “も.”
冗談も程々に - Refrain from joking.
今にも雨が降り出しそうだ - It’s going to start raining right ...
8
This is what 庭三郎 calls the 「詠嘆のモ」, "the exclamation も".
その他に、「詠嘆のモ」と言われる用法があります。
巨人も弱くなったねえ。
この場合、他にも弱くなったチームがあって（例えば阪神）、それと同じよ
うに、というわけではありません。たんにそのＮについて、述語が表す内容が 起こったことを（軽く）詠嘆的に述べているだけです。
俺も年をとったなあ。
あんたも馬鹿だねえ。
秋もようやく深まって、・・・
http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/18fukujosi.html
The nuance here is something like "This is ...
8
その話は前にも聞いたよ。
The も means "too; also; as well". 前にも means "(something happened) before, too (as well as now)". So you'd say 前にも when something that happened before is happening again now. Compare:
その話は前にも聞いたよ。 I heard that before, too. / This is not the first time you've told me the story. / This is the second time you're telling me that.
その話は前に聞いたよ。...
8
I believe that the name is highly likely to be もえ instead of ももえ. While both names exist, the context makes it clear: the sender (the green balloon) asked first whether they can have the phone call and the replier (the white balloon) is replying 私ももえと電話したい. If it were to be interpreted as 私、ももえと電話したい, it will sound abrupt and out of context, since 私、...
7
Think about it like this:
ピアニストです。 'is a pianist'
歌手です。 'is a singer'
To negate this, we'll want to split です up into で＋あります:
ピアニストで あります。 'is a pianist'
歌手で あります。 'is a singer'
Now we can negate あります and insert は to go with the negation:
ピアニストでは ありません。 'is not a pianist'
歌手では ありません。 'is not a singer'
To put these both in one ...
7
The も moves because 誰も is not a single word; it is two words. The も is the very same as in 私もそう思う.
The combination of a question phrase and も becomes 'any~~~'; for example, you could say
誰のせい？
Whose fault is it?
Someone may answer
誰のせいでもない
It's no one's fault.
You may be familiar with ～ても 'even if'; combining this with a question word results in ...
7
The も is neither "also" nor "even".
The も is used in the sense of definition #12 in 明鏡国語辞典:
も 🈩〘副助詞〙
⓬ さりげなくとりたてて、文意をやわらげる。
㋐《多く、文末表現に使って》一歩引く気持ちで、その判断をやわらげる。
「自由に発言することも可能だ」「もう帰ってもいいんだぜ」「彼だって素直になることもある」「その件なら知らなくもない」「そんな感じがしないでもない」「乞われれば応じもしよう」「やむをえないと考えもするが…」
These threads might be of help: What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」 / ...
7
I think your confusion comes from the fact that there is more than one way to use particles for an emphatic effect.
Sentence final particles
Sentence final particles よ, ぞ, ぜ, わ and others are sometimes called emphatic particles. They are added to the end of a sentence for an emphatic effect — for example, conveying that you feel strongly about something.
...
7
The dictionary form + も behaves quite different from te-form + も.
Firstly, it is relatively more bookish. I don't mean you can't use it for a casual topic, but you have to keep the sentence that contains this conjunction in a detached style, like academic or journalistic writing. You can't use it with final particles (ね/よ etc.). Using it in polite ending (...
6
Conceptually speaking でもあった is what you get by trying to combine だった and も (as in "also").
だった is a contraction of であった and you have to use the uncontracted form in order to insert も after で.
So でもあった means "it also was".
(In the non-past tense, the same thing happens: "だ + も = でもある".)
6
Adding も after で is possible and usual. See Particles で and も and でも.
Adding でも after で is also possible, and ででも is not unseen, but the first で is often omitted.
6
食べる eat
食べない not eat
食べはしない not eat (but do drink)
食べもしない not even eat
食べすらしない not even so much as eat
and so on
わ as a sentence-ender is used differently in different dialects. With no context here （壊すわ） it's hard to say exactly, but in general, in the standard dialect, it's used for feminine emphasis.
[edit] per the comment from blutorange, the ...
6
The first pair is easily understood if you take notice where さえ attaches to.
When you don't know what piece you should capture, I can only say ビショップさえ取ればいいよ; if you don't know what action you should do to the Bishop (e.g. if you take it, your piece would be eaten too, so which is more favorable?), I can only say ビショップを取りさえすればいいよ.
If your question is only &...
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