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The difference between using で and と is the difference between "we went out as a family" and "I went out with my family", I think of it as rather like the French "en famille". 家族で is very common expression and you can also hear this grammatical use when people refer to doing things as a group (グループで／皆でやりましょう).
It is another variation on the use of the で ...
27
へと is used when you are directing your audience's attention to the content that comes after the と for emphasis. 「やや強意の副詞的表現に属することを表す」
Example:
透【す】き通【とお】るような青【あお】空【ぞら】の中【なか】へと白【しろ】いボールが吸【す】い込まれていく
The white ball disappeared into the crystal clear blue sky
透き通るような青空の中 へ 白いボールが吸い込まれていく
Without the と it is simply a statement of fact.
Q: "What did the ball ...
14
I feel like this has been asked before, but I can't find it if it has. You've got it spot on with と being the quotation marker; that is Xと言う means that X was literally (more or less) what was said. Using を is more about the meaning/gist/essence of what is said. Here's a pair that I always remember to help distinguish them.
なにを言ってるのか？ → "What are you ...
14
The quoting particle と (or って) is tenseless, just as the quotation marks " for direct speech (she said "I want to sing"), or that for indirect speech (she said that she wanted to sing) are tenseless.
The tense is reflected in the verb that is used with the quoting particle, e.g.
～といいました
～といった
～といっています
In your example sentence, the correct tense for ...
13
That would be one fish tank and two trophies, all of which are placed on top of something (その上). At least, that is how nearly every native speaker would read that sentence.
If it were the word 「ふたつ」 that was confusing you, it would not be used to count two totally unrelated items such as a fish tank and a trophy when there is one of each. It is not like ...
13
This type of って is mainly used to repeat one's opinion, like "I'm saying ～" or "I told you, ～". So it's still quotative in a sense; the speaker is quoting their own previous statement. For example, depending on the context, 「寝ろって。」 can mean either "[Someone] told you to sleep" (quote from a third speaker) or "I told you, go to bed!".
But って also often used ...
12
I am going to post a rather simplistic answer just covering the basics.
There are cases (1) where adding a 「と」 is appropriate, (2) where adding a 「と」 is inappropriate, and (3) where only adding a 「に」, not a 「と」, is appropriate.
1) When an onomatopoeia functions adverbially to modify a verb, a 「と」 is often added. In very informal speech, on the ...
12
Here is how I would categorize these usages. There are probably other ways to explain them, and I do not claim that mine is the best in any sense.
(1) ～ようと思う, ～ようと考える, and ～ようと決める are just the usual use of the particle と which signifies quotation, and there is nothing special about the combination of a volitional and と. For example, I think that particle ...
11
と has quite a few meanings. To name a few...
The case particle (格助詞) と can mean "and" or "with". It attaches to 体言, such as nouns and pronouns. eg:
「りんごとみかん」(apples and oranges)
「わたしと一緒に」(together with me)
The case particle と can also be used as a quotative particle. It attaches to almost anything, eg:
「おいしいと思う」(I think it's tasty) ...
10
「いつもと変{か}えてたまに外{そと}で食事{しょくじ}しよう。」
And someone translated that to:
"Let's occasionally change where we go to eat out."
Now, I have to say that the original and the translation do not match at all. Frankly, the translator does not seem to be very proficient in Japanese.
The speaker of the original sentence (and his/her group/family) usually eat at ...
9
Both are 100% grammatical and natural-sounding, but since the two phrases are used in different situations/contexts, they are not interchangeable.
「犬{いぬ}と猫{ねこ}が好{す}き」 is said when "dogs and cats" have not specifically been mentioned between the speaker and listener.
The best example of that situation would be when someone asks you the question: 「どんな動物{...
8
I think it can be replaced with は and というのは here, as in [2] [1] at this Daijisen definition.
According to the 日本語文型辞典, this って indicates a subject, and can be an informal way in speech to state meanings/definitions or to add value/emphasis.
When used after nouns and adjectives to state meanings/definitions, this って can correspond with とは. When used after ...
8
This sentence says "(I) will be fired in no more than 10 days." (time)と待たずに is a common set phrase which literally means "without waiting for (time)".
This と is not "if" nor "then". The role of と here corresponds to the sixth entry of デジタル大辞泉's definition.
６ （数量を表す語に付き、打消しの表現を伴って）その範囲以上には出ない意を表す。…までも。「全部で一〇〇円―かからない」「一〇〇キロ―走らなかった」
8
Originally, と was used after each word in a list. From here:
いくつかの事柄を列挙する意を表す。「君―ぼく―の仲」
[補説] 並立する語ごとに「と」を用いるのが本来の用法であるが、現代語ではいちばんあとにくる「と」を省略するのが普通となっている。
The last と in a list is usually omitted at least in modern Japanese. In this sentence, you can safely omit the second と, but explicitly putting the second と emphasizes that these two (それ and これ) are ...
8
What does the と in the sentence mean? Wouldn't 対象する work alone?
No, 対象する doesn't work alone (since 対象 is not a suru-verb).
ＡをＢとする (or ＡをＢにする) means "make A B", so クリーチャーを対象とする (or クリーチャーを対象にする) literally means "make a creature the target", "set/have a creature as the target," i.e., "Your target will be a creature."
Is there a simpler, less wordy, ...
8
This と is a simple quotative-と, and this sentence is a typical example of a rhetoric device called 転置法 (hyperbaton) or 倒置法 (anastrophe). This is very common in Japanese poetry/slogans/lyrics because the grammatical role of a word is mainly expressed by the particle type rather than the word order.
Does word order change the meaning of a sentence?
...
8
Both 家族で and 家族と are correct.
で can sometimes mark an organization/group which makes some action, as if it were a subject.
It's the third definition on デジタル大辞泉.
動作・作用を行う主体となる組織・団体を表す。「政府側―検討中だ」「気象庁―光化学スモッグ警報を発令した」
東京外国語大学言語モジュール treats this as an extension of で as a location marker, as follows:
10 場所を表わす用法の拡張として、主語を場所風に表わすときに用いることがあります。
...
8
「さっきから七夕{たなばた}に関係{かんけい}ねェもンばっかり吊{つ}りさがってやがるなぁ」
These days they only hang things which are unrelated to Tanabata.
These days, on Tanabata, they only hang unrelated things.
First off, both 「～～に関係ある/ない」 and 「～～と関係ある/ない」 are correct and used equally often. To say there is a difference in nuance would be nitpicking. Thus, in the sentence above, the 「...
7
This is obviously a contraction of 寝てると. Not sure if this pertains to certain dialects/age groups etc. though. Haven't heard this one myself in real life.
7
The difference between 「～～ために」 and 「～～ためにと」 can be very subtle at times; nevertheless a difference does exist.
To use 「～～ために」, the speaker needs to be 100% certain of what the reason for an action is. The action-taker may be either the speaker himself or another person. If the latter is the case, the speaker already possesses enough information to ...
7
家族で should be taken as "as a family" rather than "with family"
(Both と and で could be used, though IMHO, 家族で implies that all family members were present whereas 家族と implies you only went with some/maybe all family members.)
7
The Tatoeba translation is a natural rather than a literal translation. Literally it's saying more like "I will have my sister go to the station by car to meet you". (迎える is a tricky little word that means to greet/meet someone, but often includes the implication of subsequently escorting them to their destination, so the "pick you up" element is also ...
7
「ありとあらゆる」 means the same as 「ありとある」 -- "every single ~~", "every possible ~~", etc.
So, what is this 「と」? As usual, monolingual dictionaries are our best friends. 大辞林 says under definition 🈩 - ⑩ for case particles:
⑩ 「…と…」の形{かたち}で、同一{どういつ}の動詞{どうし}を重{かさ}ね意味{いみ}を強{つよ}める。現代語{げんだいご}では限{かぎ}られた言{い}い方{かた}としてしか用{もち}いられない。 「あり－あらゆる人{ひと}」 「生{い}き－し生{い}ける物」
...
7
You're right. The ～～なければ here is a shortened form of ～～なければならない and means "have to~~" "should~~". And 清らかな子供たち, それを無条件で愛する教師, and 尊敬すべきこのクラス are the objects of 信じなければならない. (This is an inversion/倒置 of 清らかな子供たちと、それを無条件で愛する教師、尊敬すべきこのクラスを、信じなければ。)
7
に has a lot of functions and I won't go into detail of every possible usage of it. Let me just comment on your examples.
友達に晩ご飯を食べました is ungrammatical and makes no sense. 友達と晩ご飯をたべました means "I ate dinner with my friend."
彼氏にキスした means "I kissed my boyfriend." This に is a target/destination marker. (キスする is an intransitive verb.) 彼氏とキスした is similar, but it ...
6
You're 90% there. Let's take your list in order, shall we?
1. Quotation Particle
As you noted, if you see it followed by a verb indicating expression (思う、言う、話す, etc.) then it's being used in this manner.
2. Conditional Particle
The following sentence is the way I was taught to use this one:
秋になると、葉が落ちる。 "When autumn comes, the leaves fall."
In other ...
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