11
(I know what "から" and the sentence-ending "か" mean, but not this)
Yes, it's this から followed by this か. から here is a reason/cause marker. か is a question marker but is used like "presumably" or "probably" here. And 興奮 is "excitement", not "doubtful interest".
興奮: excitement
興奮から: due to his excitement, ...
興奮からか: presumably due to his excitement, ...; ...
11
This function of this か is not purely phonetic, but rather serves to make the sentence less of a outward statement and more of a self-directed or self-reflecting one.
It makes the information value of sentence primarily be “I had considered ~ previously but wasn’t sure, but in the end it indeed it is 〜, huh...”
It’s often is accompanied by やっぱり (or 予想通り ...
9
超【ちょう】 is "over/above ～", the antonym for 未満.
2m超のヘビ
100kg超の体重
This か is a question marker. か after a noun/suru-verb is a typical "headlinese" expression meaning "there is a possibility that / suspicion of ～". It corresponds to a question mark in English headlines.
また賃金削減か
More Wage Cuts?
英国、EU離脱か
UK to Exit EU? / UK Exits EU?
(...
8
First of all, the meaning is the same. 'questioning the former.'
なぜ彼がそんなことをやったか、わかりません。
なぜ彼がそんなことをやったのか、わかりません。
どうして彼女がそんなつまらない本を読んでいるか、不思議です。
どうして彼女がそんなつまらない本を読んでいるのか、不思議です。
are all natural.
のか
This is a combination of の and か.
This の is called 準体言助詞, which makes a noun phrase out of a verb phrase.
「それを食べたのは、いけないことだ。」(It is bad that you ate it.)
Also, you ...
7
You should think of this like から+か. If there wasn't a か, the following would just be a statement of a fact. The から is used to give the reason for the unusual fluency of the foreigner (in this case it is because the foreigner was excited/agitated).
興奮から銀髪の外国人の口調は、いつになく流暢だった。
With the か, the speaker is no longer certain for the reason. The speaker is now ...
6
This is simply because we don't usually use が to express the number of something. I think you already know (子供が)3人いる, (リンゴが)5個ある, (本を)3冊買う and so on are grammatical. Number + counter can work as a noun too (e.g., 3人が集まった), but it's relatively uncommon. In addition, ページ is a tricky counter that means both "n pages" and "n-th page", depending on the context. ...
6
知るか and 口が裂けても言うものか are both Japanese rhetorical questions. The actual meaning is 知らない ("I don't care", "None of my business") and 口が裂けても言わない ("I won't say it no matter what"), respectively.
楽しいことか sounds unnatural, but you can form a rhetorical question like 楽しいわけがあるか, 楽しいものか or 楽しいはずがあるか, which actually means 楽しいわけがない ("No way it's fun"). なんと楽しいことか is ...
6
Be careful when translating to/from English because there is some overlap with certain words like these.
誰でも means "anyone" in the sense of "whoever".
マラソンに参加する人は誰でもTシャツをもらう → Anyone who/Whoever participates in the marathon will receive a T-shirt
MPAAレーティング・システムで「G」とは誰でも見られる作品です → In the MPAA rating system, a "G" (movie) is one that anyone can watch
...
6
か is not just a question marker but also is a sentence-end particle used to confirm something with a bit of exclamatory feeling. This type of か is pronounced without a rising intonation. If your example sentence was pronounced without a rising intonation, it means the speaker is now certain that she is a newbie.
Examples:
そうか。
I see. / Oh is that so. / ...
5
This か is the same as the particle we see all the time at the end of an interrogative sentence. It's also used in a noun clause like so:
いつ車を売りますか? When do they sell the cars?
いつ車を売るか (noun clause) when they sell the cars
今日は日曜日ですか? Is it Sunday today?
今日は日曜日か (noun clause) whether it is Sunday today
Therefore, "車の会社がいつごろこのような自動運転の車を売り始めるか" ...
5
かな can state any degree of probability, from nearly zero to all but certain. Another important feature is that かな conveys intent of communication, thus it could imply request or desire so much as English "I wonder". This word is usually only used in non-polite sentences (in most cases, the polite counterpart is でしょうか).
Down to your particular case, the ...
5
I believe what you are looking for can be found in a grammar dictionary, not a standard dictionary. According to A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar, this ものか is "a phrase indicating that the speaker wants to do [something] or is wondering what one he/she should choose".
In the context of the sentence you gave, it would be "how one ...
5
Basically かも is treated like one word, and there should be no pause between か and も. If you stopped talking after か for whatever reason, you should repeat at least かも. As long as you treat かも as one word, it's possible to continue the other person's statement and say something like this.
「高い？」
「かも知れない。」
"Is it expensive?"
"Maybe."
(Of ...
5
It seems to me that 知った振り and 知ったか振り are basically interchangeable, but 知ったか振り is a little more frequently used in everyday conversation or daily situations than 知った振り. These are the examples found on the web.
知ったかぶりをする男性って本当にうざいと思う。
女性の知ったかぶりは、場合によってはかわいく思える。
同僚の知ったかぶりには、いつもイライラさせられる。
大事な仕事で知ったかぶりをされると、トラブルにつながる。
「知ったかぶり」は印象が悪い
Of course, all of these are ...
4
Your explanation is right.
The speaker is not quite sure if that's the right explanation (something like, "The blood has hardened, perhaps because a lot of time has passed").
The grammar you are looking for is defined in this page, which says:
疑いの気持ちで推定する意を表す
4
They're definitely part of standard Japanese, and I don't see why they wouldn't be. Their nuance is different, though, from でしょう（か） on its own: like のだ in general, they have an explanatory tone. 雨が降るでしょう could be 'I think it will rain' or on the weather forecast, just 'It will rain'. 雨が降るんでしょう could be a response to どうして来ないんですか？ 'Why won't you come?' 'It's ...
4
の sounds a little feminine but you can use it if you're male - so long as のか could also be used (兄弟いるの？ you can say but not どういう事ですの？) It also has somewhat of an implication of asking for an explanation sometimes (何やってるの？ - What are you doing [and why]?)
Asking without a particle is probably most common informally - 手伝う？ It has no real hidden implications, ...
4
Think of this か as a の that is nominalizing a question.
デパートはどこにあるか、知{し}っていますか？
Do you know where is the department store?
In spoken casual conversation I've heard native speakers drop the か and communicate just as effectively, but I would recommend always using か.
4
This の is called "explanatory-no". Its basic role is to provide an explanation for the current background context. When it's used with the question marker か, のか seeks clarification or explanation for the current context.
Explanatory のだ （んだ）
Question Markers: か and の
What is the meaning of ～んです/～のだ/etc?
How is the "のです" working here?
As described ...
4
Can 何か be a question word?
何か here is not a question word. (「何 + か」 can be a question word in different structures.)
[何]{なに}か here means "something".
「～か何か」 = "~~ or something similar" "~~ or something like that"
(The か in 親類か is a parallel marker / 並立助詞.)
implying that the speaker suspects the nighthawk isn't the kin of a frog, but something else ...
4
そうです is a way of saying 'yes, that is certain.'
For example, a discussion using the word might go like this:
4+3=7 ですか？ (Is 4+3=7?)
はい、そうです。(Yes, that is certain.)
On the other hand, そうですか is, as the definition you provided, can be both I see; or is that so?
If you used it as 'I see':
椅子に引っかかって腕を折りました。(I tripped on a chair and broke ...
4
The way to break this sentence down is like this:
僕は [山崎先生が昨日何を言ったか] 忘れてしまった。
I forgot [what Yamazaki-sensei said yesterday].
The か marks the clause as an embedded question that the main verb bears on, and this sentence is great example of the standard pattern. You usually don't need を after an embedded question. Instead, you simply raise a question using ...
4
No, ためか and ために don't mean the same thing -- just as か and に do not mean the same thing.
The か in ためか is the same か used as the verbal question mark. This indicates uncertainty and indefiniteness.
(Separately, I'm pretty sure you have a typo, where ささまい should be ささない instead.)
If the sentence said あまり日がささないため[に]{●}, that would be a definite reason. ...
4
～だろう forms a question that is mainly addressed to yourself. It's like "I wonder". If you are clearly requesting an answer from someone else, don't use it.
Next, か after だろう in a yes/no type question corresponds to English "whether/if", and it's mandatory. か in a wh-question (i.e., a question including いつ, だれ, 何, なぜ, etc) is purely optional, but is usually ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible