9
If you look 迷子 up in a monolingual dictionary, such as 大辞林 or 大辞泉 for example, it should include a note like まよいごの音変化 (sound change from mayoigo). So yes, it was originally まよいご and changed over time.
7
Surprisingly, it seems there’s some credit to the story. According to the Goo辞典, the old version of 恋 is 戀 and that one does have the variant you are showing.
Here it is in the Ministry of Justice family register character database:
You can see that the “proper” character (正字) is 戀
6
The particles を, が are omitted. The sentences are using "headline grammar". See:
what is the name of the abbreviated writing style used in newspapers?
緊急事態宣言出すのを前に諮問委員会始まる 専門家に意見聴く
to rewrite it in normal grammar:
緊急事態宣言を出すのを前に諮問委員会が始まった。専門家に意見を聴いた。
literally:
"Prior to releasing the declaration of the state of emergency, the advisory ...
6
There’s no really “correct” or “incorrect” when it comes to ateji like 明日{あした} or 大人{おとな}, you just have to pick something or least bad.
With jukujikun (kanji picked purely for meaning and not readings) it’s even worse since you may have not enough kana for the kanji. Some examples from Wikipedia:
kera (啄木鳥, woodpecker), gumi (胡頽子, silver berry/oleaster), ...
5
This is called ateji, using kanji to represent sounds where the meanings of the kanji are irrelevant.
襟{エリ}挫{ザ}邉{ベ}洲{ス}
5
Some 表外漢字 like 狼 and 嘘 are perfectly safe in ordinary writing. Some are simply too difficult. It largely depends on the character. Personally I can read 鰐 but not 鰰/鱸. See also Why are the names of plants and animals often written in katakana?
旧字体 was the standard way of writing in the past, so it's natural if the text is related to periods before WWII. It ...
4
Basically, Japanese 熟語 (jukugo, word consisting of 2 or more kanjis) can easily be made by just juxtaposing kanjis, and sometimes this technique is used to shorten spelling. In this case, the word 梱入 is technical term used amongst wholesalers and therefore not in dictionaries. 梱入 is a jukugo-ish form of 梱包されて入っている (be packed and contained).
The reading is ...
3
According to スーパー大辞林, the 呆気 in あっけない is just 当て字 (kanji used purely for the pronunciation, rather than the meaning), so it contributes nothing to the definition. Here is the entry for 呆気ない:
あっけ-な・い [4] 【呆気ない】 （形）[文]ク あつけな・し
〔物足りないの意の「飽く気(ケ)なし」の転。「呆気」は当て字〕
予期や期待に反して簡単・貧弱で物足りない。「―・い幕切れ」「―・く敗れる」
I've bolded the part of the entry which described the word's ...
3
Compound words are made of kanji, but each kanji is not necessarily "words" that can be used on its own. Consider, in English, telepathy is made of tele- and -pathy, both of which have some meanings. But that does not mean you can use "tele" or "pathy" as a standalone word in a sentence. On the other hand, network is made of net ...
3
I don't know about "vocabulary reading". Please ask about it elsewhere.
Anyway, the highest mountain in Japan is normally called ふじさん in Japanese. Fujiyama is more of a nickname used mainly outside Japan. From Wikipedia:
Mount Fuji
In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama&...
2
If we're talking about 一つ、二つ、三つ、etc...
According to jisho.org, "箇" is defined as:
Counter for the hito-futa-mi counting system (forming hitotsu, futatsu, mitsu, and misoji, yasoji, etc.)
Other forms of this kanji include 個 and 个 as notated on the dictionary entry itself.
2
The omission of の works great in book names, organization names and such. (Similar things happen also in English, e.g. "United Nations Human Settlements Programme").
But please note that it does not mean you can do the same in ordinary sentences. In ordinary sentences you can avoid too many の's by replacing some of them with other expressions.
...
2
It appears to me the reason for choosing 「測定」in the last sentence may very well have been something to do with 「定」. See goo 辞書:
物事を決めて変えない。さだめる。さだまる。
This kanji has the meaning of "making certain", "determine", "to firmly establish", "to get fixed".「測定」means to determine the value of something accurately. So when ...
2
Yes it's "attacks using armors", or more specifically, shields. From this blog article:
また、盾は防具としてだけでなく、剣や斧などのように射程距離１マスの近接武器として使うことも可能。盾を構えて体当たりをくらわす、いわゆる「シールドバッシュ」ですね。
与えるダメージは極めて小さいですが、相手の体重（装備重量）が軽ければ１マスぶん突き飛ばすことができます。
Some other games (eg Dark Souls) have this feature.
1
While they both can translate "to measure", there is a slight difference. Even among dictionaries, there are difference in definition, so I am using the Japan Industrial Standard definition.
測定{そくてい} means to measure against a standard (unit) and obtain data.
計測{けいそく} means to use data from obtained through measurement and process it to obtain a ...
1
場{ば}
ある事が行われる所。「仕事の場」「場を外す」「その場に居合わせる」
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