22
The particle な indeed has both meanings: "Don't do ～" and "Do ～". From デジタル大辞泉:
１ 動詞・動詞型助動詞の終止形、ラ変型活用語の連体形に付く。禁止の意を表す。「油断する―」「まだ帰る―」「かの尼君などの聞かむに、おどろおどろしく言ふ―」〈源・夕顔〉
２ 《補助動詞「なさる」の命令形「なさい」の省略形》動詞・動詞型助動詞の連用形に付く。命令の意を表す。「早く行き―」「好きなようにやり―」
To distinguish, な means "don't" when it follows the dictionary-form, and "do" when it follows the masu-stem.
するな。 ...
21
誰探してんの is a contracted form of 誰探してるの, which in turn is a contracted form of 誰(を)探しているの ("Who are you looking for?", notice the progressive form). More generally:
ている contracts to てる. (See this chart)
/r/ + vowel before a /n/ consonant can turn into ん in casual speech. (Do not confuse this ん as explanatory-の.)
Examples:
わからない。 → わかんない。
wakaranai → wakan'...
16
This doesn't only happen with じゃない > じゃねえ, but generally /ai/ > /ee/, like
きたない > きたねえ
やばい > やべえ
(食{た}べたい = ) 食{く}いたい > 食いてえ
As in the other answer, this is extremely informal and in the wrong context can easily be considered plain rude.
Xと違う = to differ from X
完成前 = before completion
Edit.
For completeness, there's also
/ae/ > /ee/
e.g. お前 > おめえ
/...
15
1 and 2 are conjunctive だって used at the beginning of a sentence.
買わなかったよ。だって、高かったんだ。
I didn't buy it. [After all / Because] it was expensive.
「買えって言ったでしょう？」「だって、高かったんだ。」
"Didn't I tell you to buy it?" "But it was expensive!"
This kind of だって is used to argue back, or to provide further explanation to convince someone. It's translated as "but" ...
15
This is just "Hi".
こんちゃ/こんちわ/ちわ/ちは/etc is a very casual version of こんにちは. Of course this は is pronounced "wa".
For "ーす", see: What does っす at the end of a sentence mean?
Jisho.org also has an entry for this. Other variations include ちわっす, こんちゃっす, ちゃーっす, ちゃーす, ちっす and ちーす.
14
「諸星先生{もろほしせんせい}は元々住{もともとす}んでる星{ほし}が違{ちが}うし・・」
While 「住んでる星が違う」 is certainly an exaggerated and/or metaphorical expression, I would not necessarily call it an idiomatic expression because it means what it literally means, which is "to live on another planet" as you said.
「星」 can mean "a planet" as well all by itself.
"Mr./Ms. Morohoshi lives on another ...
13
It's fairly common for both ai and ae to be slurred to ee in colloquial speech.
For example:
じゃない → じゃねぇ janai → janee
のみたい → のみてぇ nomitai → nomitee
おまえ → おめぇ omae → omee
てまえ → てめぇ temae → temee
Your example has an additional contraction. When a vowel is dropped between r and n, you end up with rn. This isn't pronounceable, so it ...
13
って is a colloquial particle and has two main functions.
Being used as a colloquial topic marker (instead of は or とは), e.g.
人ってすごいよね。
People are awesome.
Being used as a quotation marker (instead of と or という), e.g.
変な人って言ってたよ。
She said you are a little weird.
人って言葉は何か変だな。
The word "hito" is kinda weird.
13
I'm Japanese and don't know well about the English idiom "to be out of it." But I think I know some useful Japanese words for your situations.
「頭が働かない」
This expression is natural to say when you have a cold, fever or other bad condition and can't understand or think about things well temporary. "I'm sorry I have a cold so I'm a bit out ...
13
It's ambiguous whether いらして would be a form of いらしる or いらす, but neither verb exists in the standard language.
いらす isn't listed in dictionaries as a word because it's not a separate verb with a full range of forms. It would be more accurate to say that いらし is a reduced form of いらっしゃっ, the 音便形 of いらっしゃる. (The 音便形 is the altered form of the 連用形 that appears ...
11
Like @himself noted, it does mean 葉人をつかまえたんだな. While some dialects do have this change, more importantly it's used to characterise the speaker as a stereotypical wise old male (usually in anime or otherwise in a fiction).
11
That P (simply read ピー) stands for プロデューサー ("Producer"). Traditionally, P has been used like a name suffix for a super-high executive in the showbiz/broadcasting/anime industry (someone even higher than a "D", or 監督/director). However, after the success of the Idolm@aster franchise, where a "producer" has a role closer to that ...
10
は is fairly matter of fact. "Where is Shinjuku?"
って is a little more nuanced. Its like "Oh, now that you mention Shinjuku...where is it?" or "Speaking of Shinjuku, where is that?"
For all intents and purposes I gather the actual end-point meaning is the same but って is linking it more with something that has been previously said whilst は could just be ...
10
～っぴ/～っち is a sort of "suffix" which generates cute-sounding nicknames. Think of it as an rough equivalent of -ie as in doggie, walkie-talkie, etc.
へたっぴ (下手【へた】 + っぴ, clumsy person)
けろけろけろっぴ (けろけろ + っぴ)
たまごっち (たまご + っち)
弱っぴい itself is not common (probably I haven't seen this before), but it should simply mean "weak boy/guy".
10
For casual, which is acceptable as a client I would go with
じゃあ、カレーにします。
If you want to be more polite then
それなら、カレーにします。
じゃあ means : then; well; so; well then
それなら means : if that's the case
10
There are at least three types of omission of く, which should be distinguished.
The "traditional western" euphoric change is called ウ音便 and is described in this question, this one and a chart in this page. ku becomes (y)u, etc. This sounds old-fashioned and elegant. While this is commonly heard in samurai dramas, only a few courteous elder people use this ...
10
いえ is definitely used informally for いいえ, though it's not super casual. More casual options include いや, ううん, or 違う. That being said, you don't necessarily need a word that means 'no'; you can reply to 「フランスに行ったことある？」with just 「ないよ」
9
A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar has the following to say about this:
When って is attached to a noun, it is close in meaning to the topic marker は。When って is attached to a sentence as in
外国で暮らすって難しいね。
it is closer in meaning to 「..というのは、..」. However, it is more colloquial and emotive than は and というのは。In fact, if the predicate does ...
9
あー
うーむ
うーん
うーんと
えー
えーっと
えーと
そのう
ふうむ
んー
I am sure there are more.
9
An interesting slang communication system that's been around since 2009 is Pseudo-Chinese ([偽中国語]{にせちゅうごくご}), which is basically Japanese sentences stripped of all kana (although critical kana content words may be replaced with archaic kanji spellings).
The kanji is in Japanese grammatical order but the text superficially appears like Chinese. For example, ...
9
First, your example, 私さスタバへさ行ったさ, sounds funny because:
行った is a 終止形, so attaching a filler after it sounds weird. True sentence-end さ exists, but it has a different function and tone. さ in 行ってさ works as a filler.
You normally need a comma after each filler.
さ is relatively masculine, and it's most commonly used with 俺.
After fixing them, something like ...
8
As you said, 「行ってて」 is the colloquial contraction of 「行っていて」 and we almost always use the contracted form in informal speech.
There is, however, a fairly big difference in meaning between 「先に行って」 and 「先に行ってて」.
「先に行って」 simply means "You go first."
「先に行ってて」 means "You go first and wait for me/us." or "You go first and I/We will follow you."
8
The word that we often use to express enthusiasm is 「[是非]{ぜひ}」= "by all means".
「是非[行]{い}きます！」,「是非行きたいです！」,「是非行きましょう！」, 「是非行こう！」, etc.
You can add 「あ」 or 「あっ」 in front of 「是非」, too.
To express even more enthusiasm, you could use 「[絶対]{ぜったい}」 or 「[必]{かなら}ず」 in place of 「是非」.
8
Your observations are correct. 同居 does not necessarily imply sexual relations. For example 両親と同居する, 兄と同居する, and so on are perfectly natural.
同棲 (or 同せい since 棲 is not in the Joyo kanji list) is the one that does imply having sexual relations without getting married. 両親と同棲する is incorrect.
Of course, 俺と同居しよう or 俺と一緒に住もう would be actually understood as a ...
8
「いってえ」 is how the "tough Kanto guy" would colloquially pronounce 「[一体]{いったい}」.
「一体」, when combined with a question word (in this case, どう), is the Japanese equivalent of "on earth", "the heck", "the f***", etc.
「この[品物]{しなもの}の[山]{やま}はいってえどうしたことだ。」 = "How on earth did you get all this mountain of stuff?"
Depending on the context, there may be a better ...
8
真綿感 itself is not an idiomatic phrase, but this 真綿感 is a weak reference to the well-known idiom 真綿で首を絞める, meaning "something unpleasant is happening very slowly", "to torture slowly by an indirect means", etc. And this 真綿 (floss silk) represents something 'indirect', 'vague', or 'fuzzy'.
In the linked example, the author was disappointed by the quality of ...
8
To me, at least, this question is two-fold.
Grammatical past-tense in the purely technical sense.
How native speakers actually use tenses when speaking while looking at pictures.
In pure grammar:
「楽{たの}しそうだ」⇒「楽しそうだった」 and
「楽しそうです」⇒「楽しそうでした」
In reality:
The vast majority of native speakers would not use either one of the two phrases above in the past tense ...
8
In this particular case, I agree with Shoko's assessment that it is just bending the rules of 送り仮名 for effect, and not the suffix 〜っちい. (Maybe she will elaborate on that in a full answer.)
〜っちい as a suffix is similar to the English suffix -y or -like, but with a negative connotation. Unlike 〜っぽい, it usually isn't tacked on to whatever word you want.
...
8
This is an abbreviated form of 〜てくれない, meaning "to not do 〜 for me". So 貸してくれない means "won't lend me", but phrased as a question like this (likely with a rising intonation) mean "Hey Maruo, won't you lend me your dictionary for a bit?"
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