How about this: > 彼女たちは 日本語を 勉強したことが あります。 > *Kanojo-tachi wa nihon-go o benkyō shita koto ga arimasu.* > Them girls studied Japanese at least once. - "koto" turns every thing preceding it into a substantive (noun) clause. - "ga arimasu" indicates that the subject exists in at least one instance.