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What is the difference between 情報 jōhō and 知らせ shirase ?
Both mean 'information', although I found more example sentences of 情報 as 'information' and of 知らせ as 'news'.
Finally, I would like to know which word to use to express:
"Paul will give you the information (i.e. the hour, the place, etc.) about the party of next Saturday"
"Your colleagues will give you all the information (i.e. the hour, the place, the tasks, etc.) about the next meeting with the boss".
情報 is the word for "information" in general. In the given example sentences, 情報 is the only word that can be used (another option is 詳細 "details").
お知らせ is more like "notification" or "announcement" (of an upcoming event). You should remember this as a lexicalized word that is almost always used with お, even though some dictionaries may not have a dedicated entry for this. (A few writers may drop お in serious sentences, but it's rare.)
知らせ (without お) is "news" or "report" of some important event that has already happened. There are cases where "information" is a valid translation, but it's far from the primary translation of this word. Besides, this is a stilted word used mainly in formal greetings, essays and such. 知らせ also means "sign; omen" in a few set phrases.
So パーティーの情報 refers to the information (the hour, the place, etc.) about the party. パーティーのお知らせ refers to the announcement (or the invitation) itself. パーティーの知らせ sounds like an odd expression to me (but if someone really said this, it should refer to the same thing as パーティーのお知らせ). If you thought you heard 知らせ "in daily life" in such a context, I suspect you have misheard something or seen some weird misspelling.
情報 a) can be used for simple information, but it's more associated with medium to large amount of information, and b) it's also a more formal/technical term.
知らせ in contrast a) can't refer to detailed information - it must be a "short" information, and b) it's more ... maybe not casual but "untechnical" word (words that you would use in literature, if that makes sense).
So for example, you can say 「詳細な情報を手に入れた」but not 「詳細な知らせを手に入れた」 . Also, it's natural to say 「虫が秋の知らせを運んでくる」, but it would be a weird word choice if you say 「虫が秋到来の情報を運んでくる」(it's too technical). Another one: it's natural to say 「フェロモンは情報を運ぶ」 but 「フェロモンは様々な知らせを運ぶ」 would be an odd word choice.
