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この本では「単語」よりも「文」を重視します。ですから、初めから「文」を扱います。現実に日本語を使う場合、「文」が基本の単位になりますし、日本語教育でも、教科書の第一課から「文」の形で入っていくことが多いからです。日本語にはどんな「文」の型、「文型」があるのかを考えます。
I have problems parsing and understanding the sentence correctly (in the bold). I believe どんな just modifies 「文」, but I don't understand 「文型」があるのかを考えます, specifically the あるのか part.
This sentence may be easier for you to parse without 、「文型」:
{日本語にはどんな「文」の型があるのか}を考えます。
We will consider {what sentence types exist in Japanese}.
The clause enclosed in { and } is an embedded question.
「文」の型 and 「文型」, joined with a comma, are appositive, i.e., the latter is a rephrased version of the former. 文型 is a term that refers to basic sentence patterns of a language (for example, 英語の基本文型 look like this). So you may think this comma is working like , i.e., or , or here.
日本語にはどんな「文」の型、「文型」があるのかを考えます。
We will consider what types of sentence, or bunkei, there are in Japanese.
