6

While reading, I'm finding difficult to understand how to read an initial 大, since it can be read だい (大好物), たい (大使館), おお (大蔵省).

When I can find the word on a dictionary it's not a big problem, I can just check, but when dictionaries don't list it I have no idea how I should read it; for example, 大集団 should be だいしゅうだん? おおしゅうだん? It's the same? I tried Jisho and Weblio, and I wasn't able to find it.

IME gives 大集団 for both pronunciations, but I know it also makes up for errors to some extent, so I can't be sure if both readings are right, or IME is just making up for a mistake in typing.

As far as I found, there are no hard rules in this regard, but since in that answer the answerer speaks about when the word was borrowed from Chinese, and since Japanese speakers have to read it somehow when speaking the word I was wondering if there is some rule about how to read it when used as a prefix of other words, rather than using a word that already contains it.

I know the opening examples aren't examples of prefix だい, I just bring them to exemplify the different readings; my doubt is that, given that as far as I know a general (i.e., not just prefix) initial 大 doesn't follow any hard pronunciation rule, is there some way to know how it should be read when used as prefix, like in 大集団?

4
  • 6
    大使館 is not 使館 with 大 as a prefix, it's 大使 with 館 as a suffix. I would say 大蔵省 is the same, just with 省. I get that it doesn't solve your problem, but maybe the title just should be changed to "Reading of 大" or "Reading of initial 大".
    – Leebo
    Commented Jan 8, 2022 at 0:08
  • 3
    FYI: 「おお」か「だい」か、大問題?
    – aguijonazo
    Commented Jan 8, 2022 at 6:00
  • @Leebo I think I wasn't clear enough, the initial examples weren't meant to be examples of prefix 大, but just of different ways to pronounce it; I don't think changing the title would help, since if the answer I linked is right it already covers the non-prefix 大 ("No hard rule"), so just the prefix 大 is left. Does this make sense? I edited the question, hope now it's clearer.
    – Mauro
    Commented Jan 8, 2022 at 11:55
  • 3
    You just have to learn the different situations. Have a look at this answer: japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32582/…
    – tomi
    Commented Jan 8, 2022 at 14:41

1 Answer 1

3
+200

The basic rule is that だい attaches to kango (words with on-reading) and gairaigo (written in katakana), while おお attaches to wago (words with kun-reading). Easy examples are:

  • 大画面: だいがめん
  • 大都市: だいとし
  • 大アルカナ: だいあるかな
  • 大ブリテン王国: だいぶりてんおうこく
  • 大騒ぎ: おおさわぎ
  • 大笑い: おおわらい

大集団 follows this basic rule as well, so it's だいしゅうだん. When a word is not in a dictionary with a 大, I think you can follow the basic rule.

However, there are counterexamples where おお attaches to on-readings:

  • 大喧嘩: おおげんか
  • 大火事: おおかじ
  • 大騒動: おおそうどう or だいそうどう
  • 大地震: おおじしん or だいじしん
  • 大人数: おおにんずう or だいにんずう
  • 大風呂敷: おおぶろしき (風呂敷 is a mixed on-kun compound)

It's hard to explain why. Some say these are well nativized words which no longer has a good wago equivalent, but all you can do practically is remember them individually.

1
  • In Jim Breen's wwwjdic, we find オオアルマジロ 《大アルマジロ》 【おおアルマジロ】 (n) (uk) giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus)
    – Ned Reif
    Commented Mar 13, 2022 at 5:41

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged .