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Shoudn't there be a nominalizer after やった? I think it's just a casual contracion, but have not seen it before. Moreover, I have seen 決まっているだろう, or contracted to 決まってんだろう before, but in this particular example there's just だ, and that I do not understand. At last, the って in わかってるって serves just to sort of emphasize it?

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First, 決まってんだ is a contraction of 決まってるんだ (which in turn is a contraction of 決まっているのだ). See this answer.

Next, you don't need a nominalizer (の) before に決まっている even in formal writings. It's not incorrect to put の, but it's much less common in reality. に can safely take the 終止形 (dictionary) form of a verb in several types of contexts:

  • ~するに決まっている, ~するに違いない, ~するに相違ない
  • ~するには (meaning "in order to")
  • 言うに(は), 見るに, 思うに, etc. (What does the に do in 表情から察するに?)
  • ~するにしては (meaning "for", "considering")
  • ~するにしろ, ~するにせよ, ~するにしても, ~するにしたって (meaning "even if")
  • ~するにつけ (meaning "whenever")
  • ~するに留まる

Basically you have to memorize these patterns as-is. I think the following questions are related to the reason why に can sometimes take a "bare" verb/adjective:

(By the way, this reminded me of this question in English Language Stack Exchange.)

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