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大地の精霊よ
イシの村にもたらす恵み
そのすべてに感謝せん

I am wondering if this is perhaps a shortened version of an expression like 感謝の言葉もありません or something like that?

I've tried looking in jisho for せん but it is still unclear to me.

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This せん is not a negation. そのすべてに感謝せん here means "Let us thank all of them". It's そのすべてに感謝しよう in modern Japanese.

せ is the 未然 (irrealis) form of す ("to do") in classical Japanese, just as し is the 未然 (irrealis, pre-nai) form of する in modern Japanese. ん is a shortening of む, which is a volitional auxiliary in classical Japanese.

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