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Are there rules or guidelines on when and where to use the kanji spelling for this word? From my own observations, it seems like it is spelled 余り when used as a noun meaning remainder or leftovers:

飲んだ余りを捨てる。
an act of tossing out the remains of drinks

Or as a suffix to a counter meaning more than that amount:

私の両親の家は、ここから電車で2時間余り離れています。
My parent's house is just over 2 hours away from here by train.

In it's other uses it seems to be spelled あまり.

Indeed, in this other post, there are some examples of this. And I also realize that some kanji words are written in kana, but this seems to be a little more rigid than personal preference or maybe I'm reading too much into it.

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I'd say this is up to individual preference (don't think people change it depending on if it's used as a suffix etc.).

If you are set on guidelines, you could follow the recommendation of the Japanese newspaper association (book link).

To my best understanding, the recommendation is to prefer あまり (in all cases).

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    その本は持っていないのですが、副詞用法("あまり寒くない")や接尾辞用法("1時間あまり")の場合はともかく、普通に名詞として使う場合すらカナ書きにするという推奨があるのでしょうか。こういう例もあるのでそういう記載があっても不思議はないとは思いますが。公用文のガイドラインでは副詞の場合すら漢字推奨のようです。
    – naruto
    Feb 10, 2021 at 5:55

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