Relatively new learner here. In a forum on Duolingo, as the app itself only teaches by example, there's a discussion regarding translating this phrase:
窓{まど}は全部{ぜんぶ}閉{し}まっていますか?
Without「全部」it seems to be: "Is the window closed?" or "Are the windows closed?"
With the introduction of「全部」however, how would you distinguish between:
- Are all the windows closed? / Is every window closed?
- Are the windows completely closed?
- Is the window completely closed?
And if some of these are invalid, how would you rephrase / translate them?
Edit: Duolingo's suggested translation was: "Are the windows all shut?", which just adds to the confusion. Here, "all" could be being used as an adverb to mean, "completely shut", or as a predeterminer (I think that's the right term) as in, "all the windows".
Someone left an answer indicating that they thought 全部 was acting on the verb, & I added this comment; however, they then deleted their answer. So now I'm back do being uncertain, lol.