The following exchange happens in One Piece:
ブルック: い...行くんですか!?サンジさん!!!
サンジ: 行かいでかてめぇの問題だ!!男サンジやらねばならぬ!!!
I found the sentence kind of baffling at first because as far as I know 行かいでか is Edo dialect for 行かないでいられるか, meaning he feels he needs to go, but then てめぇの問題 seems to imply he thinks it's not his problem.
I then looked up 手前 in a dictionary and saw this definition:
一人称の人代名詞。自分のことを謙遜していう語。
Is this the meaning being used here? How common even is this use nowadays? Would you see it used in real life or just in fictional media?