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Here is a quote taken from the Genki 1 textbook, it is one of the expression notes (page 141):

遊ぶ means "to play," "to spend time pleasantly" or "to pay a social call."

私のうちに遊びに来てください。 Please come and see us.

In the textbook "うち" isn't written using kanji and I can't tell which うち it is referring to (内 or 家). If it is "家" (which I'm guessing it is), then does that mean "私のうち" means "my household" which then kind of means "us"?

Thanks.

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The translation "Please come and see us" for "私のうちに遊びに来てください" seems to me inadequate and misleading, especially in a textbook.

"私のうち" means "my house(hold)", not "us", and thus "私のうちに遊びに来てください" is much closer to "Please come to my house to hang out" (though perhaps less natural as an English sentence, I'm not quite sure).

But apparently in the unexplained and unknowable context of the particular utterance of "私のうちに遊びに来てください" in the textbook example, according to the translation provided the speaker thinks (that the listener knows) that coming to their house entails seeing "us", whoever else that refers to besides the speaker themselves, and these implications are what they decided to express in the translation, not the words actually said!

They could as well (or as badly?) have given "Please come and see me" as the translation, if they'd had a different arbitrary-chosen context in mind for the sentence.

I do think "Please come to my house to hang out" would have been kinder and more helpful, if not over all better, translation.

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Yes, this うち is 家 in kanji. However, 家 can also be read いえ, so people often write うち in hiragana.

See also: What is the difference between いえ and うち?

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