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What is the purpose of ため in 彼は仕事のために彼の車を運転します. I translate it as "As a result of his job, he drives his car."

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「[Noun] + の + ために + [Verb]」

「[Verb 1] + ために + [Verb 2]」

In these sentence patterns, 「ため」 expresses the reason, cause or purpose.

Thus, the sentence:

「彼{かれ}は仕事{しごと}のために彼の車{くるま}を運転{うんてん}します。」

means:

"He drives his car for his job/work."

FYI: That Japanese sentence is not 100% natural-sounding if I may tell the truth. We (= native speakers) would generally not use the same pronoun twice in a short sentence like that. The 「彼の車」 part is what I am referring to. We would just use 「車」 or 「自分{じぶん}の車」 instead.

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