The answer in the linked question basically applies here as well except that what comes before ほど does not have to be a noun for the sentence to mean "No C is as B as A." It can also be the attributive form (連体形) of a verb. But you can make your sentence structurally the same as the ones in that answer by nominalizing the verb with こと:
そんなテメーに盾突かれるほど頭に来ることはない。
そんなテメーに盾突かれることほど頭に来ることはない。
And they mean the same thing:
Nothing is as infuriating as being opposed by you.
There is nothing as infuriating as being opposed by you.
In other words, the speaker is saying that being opposed by the listener is the most infuriating thing in the world.
In English, it might be more common to use a comparison of inequality in this situation:
Nothing is more infuriating than being opposed by you.
There is nothing more infuriating than being opposed by you.
(P.S. Unless space is an issue, こと is usually written in kana when it is used as a formal noun.)