I'm trying to understand a specific uses of で + は particle, and I would like a more detailed explanation of how it's used.
I referred to these 3 resources: デジタル大辞泉 Weblio コトバンク
Namely, there are 2 uses that I can't understand completely.
The first use:
From デジタル大辞泉
4 〔…だったら〕
今からでは遅過ぎる It's too late now.
From Weblio
4 〈…であっては, …であったら〉
これでは困ります. This won't do.
I assume these two sites refer to the same usage.
I'm not confident if this では can be a complete replacement for だったら,
In this case doesn't だったら mean "if" or "when"?
暇だったら、遊びに行くよ。If you're free let's go play.
暇では、遊びに行くよ。If you're free let's go play. (I'm not sure if this is grammatical)
I'd like more clarification on how to use では in this context.
The second use:
From デジタル大辞泉
〔…から判断すると〕
あの顔付きでは失敗したらしいね Judging from the look on his face, I'm afraid he has failed.
From Weblio
〈…から判断すると〉
彼の態度では, きっと仕事を辞めると思います. Judging from his behavior, I am quite sure that he will quit his job.
From コトバンク
《断定の助動詞「だ」の連用形＋係助詞「は」》判断の前提を表す。…であるとすれば。…だと。「雨では中止になる」「彼ではだれも承知しないだろう」
Reading the definitions, it seems that から判断すると can replace では in this context.
But according to Japanese people I asked, it sounds unnatural in some sentences:
I am confused by this discrepancy when applying the rules, why is it natural in some sentences and unnatural in others, when the definition says it's the same as から判断すると?
- 彼の態度では、きっと仕事を辞めると思います。Unnatural
- 彼の態度から判断すると、きっと仕事を辞めると思います。Natural
Judging from his behavior, I am quite sure that he will quit his job.
- 雨では中止になる Natural
- 雨から判断すると中止になる Unnatural
Judging from the rain it (some activity) will be called off. (from the コトバンク example)
- 彼の、今のコンディションでは、優勝はできないかも知れないな。 Natural
- 彼の、今のコンディションから判断すると、優勝はできないかも知れないな。 Natural
Judging from his current condition, he will not win.
I can't seem to find much explanation for these uses online, if there are better resources that provide a more detailed explanation, please let me know.
