Are there more terms similar to 上京 or 来阪 for going to Japanese cities?

Question

I've seen that 上京する "going to Tokyo", 来阪する "going to Osaka" are used to refer to visiting these cities.

What other terms are in use for visiting other cities? Which of them are commonly understood?

Answer 1

What other terms are in use for visiting other cities?

There are simply too many to mention as we are essentially talking about combinations of two kanji where the first one functions as a verb and the second, as a place.

The first kanji will be 「来{らい}」 for visiting、「帰{き}」 for returning、「上{じょう}」 for visiting (only for Tokyo and Kyoto)、「在{ざい}」 for staying, etc.

The second kanji will mostly be the first kanji from the city or prefecture name (with many exceptions), which is why we have a long list of these two-kanji words.

As mentioned by @Chocolate above, a good reference will be:

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%AD%97%E7%86%9F%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%BE%80%E6%9D%A5%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7#%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BE%8B

Which of them are commonly understood?

Very few indeed. That is because the vast majority of these words are mostly locally used and recognized.

Very roughly (but honestly) speaking, only the Tokyo- and Osaka-related words would be understood nation-wide without any context or explanation. Those words are 「上京」、「帰京」、「在京」、「来阪」、「帰阪」、「在阪」, etc.

I used 「来名」 in my comment above, but not too many non-Nagoyan-Japanese would understand that word without context. With non-Nagoyans, I would have to use 「名古屋に来る」 instead.

Answer 2

There are other constructions with 来 such as 来日, 来店, 来場 etc. (mostly formal words for use with keigo 本日はご来場いただき、まことにありがとうございます).

The short answer for 上 is that there really isn't. As noted in the comments, there are compounds such as 上洛. However, the dictionary under じょう or 上 doesn't reveal much else for common words.

On the other hand, 上京 has enough currency and is so logically formed that an audience would understand any new construction of 上 + (on-yomi of first character of place name) + する provided enough context. It would likely be taken as a joke.