As in 'That cake was so good'. I know I could use とても or something similar but I feel like 'so' expresses a kind of excessiveness that とても doesn't.
「とても」 would actually be a valid translation in that context.
Others include:
・「たいへん」
・「実{じつ}に」
・「非常{ひじょう}に」
Informally, you could also use:
・「すごく」
Very informally, you could use:
・「マジ(で)」
・「超{ちょう}」
・「めっちゃ」
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1Wow I had no idea you could use たいへん for that, I always used for saying something was “hard”/troublesome – Felipe Chaves de Oliveira Feb 3 '18 at 0:28