Your question is too general and broad as is said in someone's answer, so I am going to answer your question only on how to use the prefixal kanjis 無/不/非/未 adding the meaning of negation to the following kanji word.
There are a lot of similar questions on the Internet because the question you posted is also difficult even to Japanese.
So I understand it is a much more difficult problem for non-native Japanese learners who does not have enough vocabulary.
I would not like to say, because there is not a general rule for it, it is the only way that you should learn it one by one to learn the use of them.
After I examined some pairs of answer and question on the Internet that is similar to your question closely, and I extracted some of the answers that I judged to be easy to understand and show you them as follows:
未{み} is read 未{いま}だ~せず, which means "it is not yet ...".
未 is used for the thing which has not come out or realized yet, but its realization is possible in the future.
Examples: 未完成{みかんせい}(未{いま}だ完成{かんせい}せず。 it is not yet completed)
未{み}了{りょう}、未{み}刊{かん}、未{み}決{けつ}、未{み}解決{かいけつ}、未知{みち}、未知数{みちすう}、未{み}定{てい}、未{み}明{めい}、未{み}婚{こん}、未{み}開{かい}、未開地{みかいち}、未{み}遂{すい}、
殺人{さつじん}未遂{みすい}、未{み}然{ぜん}、未然{みぜん}防止{ぼうし}、未{み}満{まん}、二十歳{はたち}未満{みまん}、未{み}熟{じゅく}
無{む} is read ~なし, which means "there isn't ...", "there's nothing of ..." or "... doesn't exist".
Examples: 無{む}関心{かんしん}(関心{かんしん}がない。unconcerned or there is not concern to)、 無{む}気{き}力{りょく}(気{き}力{りょく}がない。There is not willpower.)
無{む}人{じん}、無{む}力{りょく}、無{む}口{くち}、無{む}分別{ふんべつ}、無{む}用{よう}、無{ぶ}礼{れい}、無{む}血{けつ}、無血{むけつ}革命{かくめい}、無{む}自覚{じかく}、無{む}名{めい}、無我{むが}夢中{むちゅう}、無{む}言{ごん}、
無{む}条件{じょうけん}、無{む}声{せい}、無声{むせい}映画{えいが}、無{む}学{がく}、無{む}効{こう}、無事{ぶじ}、無{む}実{じつ}、無{む}実{じつ}の罪{つみ}、無{む}邪気{じゃき}、無知{むち}、無{む}定見{ていけん}、無{む}念{ねん}、無念{むねん}無想{むそう}、無{む}法{ほう}、無法{むほう}地帯{ちたい}、無為{むい}無策{むさく}、無{む}音{おん}、無垢{むく}、無{む}限{げん}、無{む}益{えき}、無{む}根{こん}、事実{じじつ}無根{むこん}、無{ぶ}粋{すい}、
無{む}造作{ぞうさ}、無恥{むち}、無{む}能{のう}、無{む}病{びょう}、無視{むし}、無{む}宿{じゅく}、無{む}情{じょう}、無{む}常{じょう}、無{む}断{だん}、無{む}欲{よく}、無理{むり}、無{む}援{えん}、
孤立{こりつ}無援{むえん}、無期{むき}、無{む}税{ぜい}、無{ぶ}愛想{あいそう}、無{む}意識{いしき}、無{む}感覚{かんかく}、無{む}数{すう}、無{む}頓着{とんちゃく}、無{ぶ}遠慮{えんりょ}、無{む}関心{かんしん}、無{む}縁{えん}、
無{む}敵{てき}、無{む}論{ろん}、無{む}謀{ぼう}、無{む}償{しょう}、無{む}職{しょく}、無{む}題{だい}、無{ぶ}類{るい}
Basically, 不 and 非 have the same meaning. As for their difference, 不 is used to negate a declinable word (verb / adjective / adjectival noun), and 非 is used to negate an indeclinable word (noun / pronoun).
So 不{ふ} is read ~せず meaning "do not" or "not", and 非{ひ} is read ~にあらず meaning "non-".
Examples:不{ふ}能{のう}(能{あた}わず:できない)
不{ふ}可能{かのう}、不{ふ}正{せい}、不{ふ}公平{こうへい}、不{ふ}平{へい}、不平{ふへい}不満{ふまん}、不{ふ}本意{ほんい}、不{ふ}用{よう}、不用品{ふようひん}、不{ふ}要{よう}、不要{ふよう}不急{ふきゅう}、不{ふ}用意{ようい}、
不{ふ}吉{きつ}、不{ふ}朽{ふきゅう}、不朽{ふきゅう}の名作{めいさく}、不{ふ}合理{ごうり}、不{ふ}在{ざい}、不死{ふし}、不老{ふろう}不死{ふし}、不死身{ふじみ}、不{ふ}成立{せいりつ}、不{ふ}当{とう}、不{ふ}完全{かんぜん}、不{ふ}見識{けんしき}、不{ふ}言{げん}、不言{ふげん}実行{じっこう}、不{ふ}幸{こう}、不{ふ}作{さく}、不{ふ}足{そく}、不{ふ}満足{まんぞく}、不利{ふり}、不{ふ}良{りょう}、不{ふ}況{きょう}、不{ふ}屈{くつ}、不{ふ}始末{しまつ}、
不{ふ}忠{ちゅう}、不{ふ}定{てい}、不{ふ}服{ふく}、不{ふ}法{ほう}、不法{ふほう}所持{しょじ}、不{ふ}明{めい}、不{ふ}明瞭{めいりょう}、不夜{ふや}城{じょう}、不和{ふわ}、不{ぶ}格好{かっこう}
Examples:非{ひ}常口{じょうぐち}(常{つね}の口{くち}にあらず。 an emergency exit, literally not a usual exit)
非{ひ}人情{にんじょう}、非{ひ}力{りき}、非{ひ}凡{ぼん}、非{ひ}常{じょう}、非{ひ}礼{れい}、非{ひ}行{こう}、非行{ひこう}少年{しょうねん}、非{ひ}常識{じょうしき}、非{ひ}情{じょう}、悲{ひ}運{うん}、非{ひ}道{どう}、
極悪{ごくあく}非道{ひどう}、非{ひ}番{ばん}、非{ひ}業{ごう}、非業{ひごう}の死{し}を遂{と}げる、非{ひ}難{なん}
Difference between 不用 and 不要
Whether it is useful/worthy or not: 不用{ふよう}⇔入用{にゅうよう}/入用{いりよう}
Whether it is necessary or not: 不要{ふよう}/不必要{ふひつよう}⇔必要{ひつよう}
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