What exacty does ゆえ mean, and how does it fit this JLPT question?

Question

I have this question in my JLPT textbook:

男女{だんじょ}平等{びょうどう}といっても、女性{じょせい}＿＿＿の差別{さべつ}はまだ残{のこ}っている。

A ゆえ　B たる　C なり　D こそ

The book says the answer is A, which is weird to me because I thought ゆえ was kind of like "ergo", or "as a result from". If you say 女性{じょせい}ゆえ, it seems to me like one is saying that somehow the 差別{さべつ} is because of women.

So I must have ゆえ wrong. What exactly does it mean?

Answer 1

故{ゆえ} appears to mean many different things depending on the way it's used, but the main definition seems to be "reason".

• ゆえの: "by reason of (being)", "due to (being)" or "because of (being)".
  
  Whether to add or omit "being" can only be determined by context:

  女性ゆえの差別
  "discrimination by reason of being a woman."
  
  有名人ゆえの苦労
  "hardships by reason of being a famous person."
  
  熟練ゆえの効率の良さ
  "efficiency by reason of skill."

• X（が）ゆえに: "for the reason of X" or "because of X":

  信念を貫くがゆえに拷問を受ける
  "be tortured for the reason of one's faith"

• （それ）ゆえに at the start of a sentence etc: "for that reason", "therefore" or "thus":

  故に商品の質は、信頼そのものになる
  "for that reason, product quality is consumer confidence."

According to Daijisen, it can also mean "of splendid history" when written as 故ある人 and 故ある家 etc, "taste/atmosphere", "relation/affinity" and "break-down/accident".

Answer 2

In this sentence, 女性ゆえの差別 does not mean “discrimination (against someone) because of a woman,” but it means “discrimination (against someone) because of (that person) being a woman.” That is, it means the fact that some people discriminate against a person because the person is a woman.

Answer 3

I can find this in a dictionary :

3 〔…のために〕

それゆえに

for that reason

悪天候ゆえに旅行は延期された

「Because of [On account of] the bad weather, the trip was postponed.

何ゆえにうそをついたのか

Why did you lie?

which explicitly used because of in the translation.

And I think try to find one word (or phrase) as an equivalent of a word (or phrase) in another language is just impossible. So maybe sometimes ゆえ means "as a result of", but that does not mean it is equivalent to it.

EDIT:

In "女性ゆえの差別", the "ゆえ" here is to show the reason why a person got discriminated (because of that she is a woman). The literal meaning has been given in Ito's answer. However, in English there not such a way to express discrimination, so the translation becomes "discrimination against women".