How did わし etc. become stereotypical “old people” pronouns

Question

After reading this answer about the pronoun あちし, I became curious about how certain pronouns came to be associated with older people. As I see it, there are four main possibilities:

1. People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun that matches their old age. Seems unlikely.

2. The standard pronunciation of 私 becomes difficult to pronounce as you age, leading to the variant pronunciations. However, most men don't use 私 to refer to themselves in casual speech, and these pronouns don't seem to be associated with women...

3. Pronouns such as わし were common and fairly neutral, like 僕, about sixty years ago.

4. It's all a lie invented by Japanese media to easily characterize old coot characters.

Which of these holds the most true, if any?

(For what it's worth, I've never heard a real person call himself わし yet.)

Answer 1

In English, we know how to talk like a pirate, even those classical pirates are no more around (aye, pirates still exist, but they tend to speak Somali or whatever...). What is stereotypical accent today often did originally have the speakers, but gradually faded away with the lapse of time only to remain in people's memory.

So-called Standard Japanese was established in Meiji era based on Tokyo dialect, which is a well-known fact. That means, the word usage more or less reflects what Tokyoites at that time think people would talk like.

What you mentioned the stereotypical "old (wise) man" talk such as 「わしは～～じゃ」 is, in fact, a living dialect in some Western Japan areas. As Kyoto has been Japan's traditional capital, the most prestigious dialect was that of Kansai until the end of Edo period. After Meiji restoration, those nobles and VIPs migrated from Kyoto to Tokyo in crowds, struck people that their way of talking was how typical respectable men talk. EDIT: After rechecking 金水 (2003), it proves to be that the educated upper class in Edo was speaking in Kansai dialect while commoners used native Edo dialect throughout the 19th century, which led to fixation of this stereotype after Meiji. (Thanks to @user4092 for correcting.)

A bit off on tangent, but there are words おい and こら we typically use to scold somebody in Standard Japanese. They are actually Satsuma dialect of "you" and "hey", respectively. The majority of police officers in Meiji Japan were from Satsuma domain, as they were one of main factions that overthrew the Shogunate. As a result, their accent had been recognized as oppressive talk a police officer would do.

People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun that matches their old age. Seems unlikely.

It's not that unlikely, as almost every people in Japan use two or more pronouns according to the situation (technically they're not even pronouns in Japanese, so, two or more "ways to address oneself"?). I daren't say shift to わし is something common, but people can easily change their normal "pronoun" following those who around them.

Totally unrelated but I have an acquaintance who uses わし in casual settings (in Tokyo dialect) for unknown reason.

Answer 2

While I'm not an old Japanese man, I disagree with your first point. People do choose how to refer to themselves. I've gone through quite a few stages myself, and so do most people around. Some men stick to 私, others use 僕, おれ, おら, or some other personal pronoun.

I think two things are at play:

1. Whether it's appropriate to use a given pronoun.
2. Whether you're willing to use a given pronoun.

The first one is mostly defined by social norm. Girls can say あたし while straight men can't, kids say ぼく but alpha males would say おれ, etc. And in that norm, older men can say わし. You can say it if you're 20, but most likely it will sound/appear strange.

The second one is a personal choice. You have to want to use a given pronoun, as it's going to convey a message to those around you. This is a statement you make, and whose motivations might be personal. Perhaps you were impressed by someone, and want to be seen the same way. Perhaps your friend speaks like that and you picked it up.

To conclude, I'd say that elder men use わし because it's accepted, and because they want to. It's the same reason a 20-something anime-watching Japanese-learning western lad says おれ (to use a stereotype that most people on this site must be familiar with).

Answer 3

1. People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun that matches their old age. Seems unlikely.

--> This is apparently more common than i thought:

detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp > 2010 - ｢わし｣っていつから？ 一人称の変化について質問です。 最近、父親の一人称が変化しだした気がします。 現在父親は50歳です。 今までの父親の一人称は｢俺｣でした。 しかし最近｢わし｣に変わりつつある気がします。 私の中のイメージでは、.....

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Also relevant: -- from Wikipedia 日本語の一人称代名詞

 儂、私（わし）

共通語ではフィクションの世界での老人男性と武士の一人称とされることが多いが、愛知県・岐阜県・北陸地方以西の西日本各地の方言では、高齢層以外でも男性が用いる。そうした地域では子供や若者でも使うことが多いが、近年はメディアの影響から、若い人を中心に「俺」も使われるようになってきた。一部地域では（主に高齢層で）女性が使う場合もあり、例えば愛知県の一部では「わたし」の「た」の音が抜けたような「わっし」に近い発音で女性が用いる。常用している著名人としては小林よしのり、井脇ノブ子の他、達川光男、石崎信弘、木村和司ら広島県人が有名。そのほか、力士にも常用者が多い。

I agree that it's common in 関西 or 広島 ...

Maybe 笠智衆's use of わし was influencial.