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あなたは電話番号を知りますか (anata wa denwa bangou wo shirimasu ka)?
あなたは電話番号を知っていますか (anata wa denwa bangou wo shitte imasu ka)?
In my book "あなたは電話番号を知っていますか" (anata wa denwa bangou wo shitte imasu ka) is translated as "Do you know the phone number?" instead of "Are you knowing the phone number?" But I'm confuse because I knew that to say "You are..." in a present form you have to use the standard form of the verb (shiru, taberu, miru) instead of the te form.
知る means something more akin to "get to know". So by saying 電話番号を知ります you're saying that you "are getting to know something ", you don't know it yet.
So if you're asking whether someone knows a number, then you have to use the form that reflects that current state of things. That's why you say 電話番号を知っています to mean you know something.
This works very similarly to the situation of 結婚する. To say you're married you say 結婚している. It doesnt mean you're getting married; it means you've completed the process of getting married and are still in that state.
