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Hirigana: もう一{ひと}つ
Translation: Another; One More
Scenario: I'm drinking with a close friend and we've both finished our beers. I get up to go to the fridge, point to his empty bottle and say "もう一{ひと}つ" with a rising inflection to denote a question (Do you want another beer?).
Question: Would this be grammatically correct (even in a colloquial sense)?
You can definitely make yourself understood by saying 「もう1つ？」 with rising intonation, but it's better to use the appropriate counter for bottles ("本"). And we usually add some verb even in the most casual settings.
To your friend, colloquially:
If you have to say this politely:
In that situation, we would use, "もう[一本]{いっぽん｝".
[助数詞]｛じょすうし} can be quite confusing even to native Japanese speakers sometimes. Once the beer is poured into a glass, it becomes 「[一杯]{いっぱい}」. I would say 「[一つ]{ひとつ}」 is usually used for solid objects, but it's not applicable to all solid objects, though.
Here are links which might be helpful for you to get an idea of which [助数詞]｛じょすうし｝ should be used in a certain situation: http://kyoan.u-biq.org/ho34-2.html and http://nihonshock.com/2012/04/how-to-use-japanese-counters/
Hope this helps :)
EDIT: The use of 「もう[一つ]{ひとつ}」 in your example situation is not grammatically wrong if the [一つ]{ひとつ} is replaced by [一本]{いっぽん}. Saying 「もう[一本]{いっぽん}いる？」 in the same situation sounds just as natural to Japanese native speakers. But these are very casual/informal, which are completely fine to use to ask your close friend. One way to ask the same question formally (one among many other possible options) would be: 「もう一本いりますか？」
