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While browsing through some chapters of the Bleach manga, I stumbled over a sentence that puzzles me. A chapter is called:

立ちて死すべし

I know what 立ち means and I know that the べし is a suffix that kind of means that the verb is an obligation or something that should be done(?). But I can't make sense of the て kana and why it is 死す and not 死ぬ.

Link to where it appeared is here, chapter 511.

Would a correct translation be "those who stand shall/must die"?

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立ちて死すべし

The 立ち is the continuative form (連用形) of the archaic verb 立つ.
The て is the conjunctive particle (接続助詞), i.e. 立ちて is the te-form of 立つ in Classical Japanese.
死す is a literary, bookish way of saying 死ぬ. As in @broccoliforest's comment below 死す is the archaic form of 死する.

So in modern Japanese I think it would be like 「立って死ぬべき(だ)」 or 「立って死ぬべし」, "should/must die while standing".

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    細かいことですが、現代語でも「死する」という動詞が残っています。「死ぬ」に相当する単語は古文でも「死ぬ」です（ナ変）
    – broccoli forest
    Dec 23, 2015 at 17:14
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    「死する」が「死ぬ」の堅い言い方、ということでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
    – broccoli forest
    Dec 23, 2015 at 17:22
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    @Daniel Yes, archaism means loftiness. As for べき, yes and no, for there's no word fully translates べし anymore, so we sometimes just use it as is.
    – broccoli forest
    Dec 23, 2015 at 18:09
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    @dainichi 私には、「べし」より「べきだ」のほうが口語的で現代的な感じがして、「べし」のほうが古い感じや文語的と言うか、なんか壁に貼ってある社訓みたいなのにありそうな気がします。‌（​箇条書きとかで。）日常会話で「～べし！」とか言われたら、ふざけてるのかなって思うかも・・・
    – chocolate ♦
    Dec 24, 2015 at 6:25
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    @dainichi Today's べき is, in a word, should, while Classical べし was, among many possible translations, shall. ～べし／べからず thou shalt/shalt not kind of wording is one of those we can't find substitutes in modern language, thus we still sometimes rely on. Maybe ～しろ／するな Do!/Don't do! are fitter for those situations than べき.
    – broccoli forest
    Dec 24, 2015 at 6:58

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