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風颯々{かぜさっさつ}として松の梢{こずえ}を吹く. The wind murmurs in the boughs of the pine trees. | The breeze is soughing in the pine tops. (研究社 新和英大辞典 第5版)

Why isn't 風 here followed by a case marker like は or がif it's treated as the subject of the predicate (颯々として松の梢を吹く)?

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The only reason is that that is a poetic expression, not a sentence from "regular" prose; therefore, one should not apply the prose grammar to it.

Insert a 「は」 and the sentence will sound much less poetic.

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