Using "page" in these sentences? (using counters and の to modify a noun)

Question

I always get confused with these kinds of Japanese sentences. Which is correct?

​　1. 六ページの本を読んで。

​　2. 六ページ目の本を読んで。

Are sentence 3 & 4 ungrammatical?

　​3. 本の六ページ目を読んで。

​　4. 本の六ページを読んで。

Answer 1

My take on your sentences if they finished 「読んだ。」 not 「読んで。」, which feels less natural, is as follows:

1. I read the 6-page book.

2. I read the book [referred to] on the 6th page [of the pamphlet].

3. I read the 6th page of the book.

4. I read page 6 of the book.
   or
   I read the book's six pages.

I would add one more sentence to your set but expect you are familiar with it:

5.　 本を６ページ読んだ。　　
　　I read 6 pages of the book

When the counter comes after the noun it functions as an adverb telling you to what extent the verb is performed. Note that in example 5 we are not told which pages are read, it could be any six pages chosen at random. Usually this does not apply when the "counter" is connected to the noun by の (ie modifies the noun). To take a famous example, Kurosawa's film "The Seven Samurai" is called "七人の侍" in Japanese because it is about seven particular samurai, not any seven random samurai. In English this meaning is conveyed by the word "The".

The above sentences have to be used in context to make sense. This is most obvious in number 2 which cannot be translated into English without adding some context to the phrase itself in [...] and, even with these additions, the context is incomplete because we don't know what the pamphlet is.

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References

For a more general explanation of context see the answer to the following question (on a different grammatical subject): What's the difference between wa (は) and ga (が)?

For further explanation of の modifying nouns: "Making sense of Japanese" by Jay Rubin, p116