I've been searching up words like '~の近く' (near), '~の裏側' (behind), '~より先' (further away). Basically words related to the position of an object or thing. The term I've been using is 前置詞 in Japanese, but I'm not sure this is right.
The thing is, even though I search up '前置詞', I'm always given a list of websites of foreign language prepositions translated to Japanese. So my question is, are grammar-related terms such as 前置詞, 動詞, 名詞, something that was created because of the influx of foreign languages study in Japan or did these terms already exist natively in the Japanese language?
前置詞
does appear to be a straightforward calque of preposition.前
corresponds to pre-, and置
corresponds to position, while the suffix詞
indicates that it's a type of word (implicit in the English). But combinations of particles with nouns such as 「~の近く」「~の裏側」「~より先」 aren't single words in Japanese and don't form a distinct class, so I don't think you'll be able to find a~詞
label for them.