Understanding the definition for 講座

Question

I have trouble making sense of the definition for 講座:

こう‐ざ【講座】(カウ━)〘名〙

❶ 大学で、学科ごとに教授・准教授・講師などを配した研究・教育のための組織。また、それに基づいて行われる講義。

I am unsure how to understand 学科ごとに. There are two ways I can read the bold part:

1. An organization located in a university for research and education which allocated professors, associate professors and lecturers for each subject (I am assuming that the subject for 配した is 組織).

2. An organization located in a university for research and education, which is different for each subject...

You can see that #2 treats 講座 as something that is different for each 学科, whereas in #1, 講座 is seen as a entity that assigns professors in each subject. I think #2 makes sense.

How ごとに works here grammatically?

Answer 1

学科ごとに modifies 配した, and this phrase normally means "on a per-学科 basis" or "for each 学科". However, 学科ごとに教授を配する sounds like each 学科 has only one professor, which is clearly incorrect. Each 学科 in a university typically has 10 or more 教授. So this dictionary definition appears misleading, and it should have been something like 学科内で or 学科の下部組織として instead.

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学科 in a context like this is not "subject" but "department". 学科 (department) is a subclass of 学部 (faculty), and many 講座 (chair/course) are established below a 学科. Each 講座 typically has one 教授 (professor). The hierarchy typically looks like this:

• 理学部 Faculty of Science
  • 数学科 Department of Mathematics
    • 代数学講座 Chair/Course of Algebra
      • 教授, 准教授, 講師, ...
    • 幾何学講座 Chair/Course of Geometry
      • 教授, 准教授, 講師, ...
    • ...
  • 天文学科 Department of Astronomy
  • ...
• 工学部 Faculty of Engineering
• 文学部 Faculty of Letters
• ...

For example, The University of Tokyo has 10 学部/faculties, one of which is 理学部. 理学部 has 10 学科/departments, one of which is 数学科. There are 24 professors in 数学科, and each of them is a head of a 講座.