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おそまつな警備だな これで俺を捕まえようとは舐められたもんだ
My vague understanding of the sentence is akin to "Ill prepared defenses. If they are attempting to catch me with that, they are looking down on me."
However grammar wise, I'm not really sure how ようとは is interacting with he passive here? "Attempting to look down on me by attempting to catch me with that?" Why とは?
Is this an if form or an "attempt to do x"?
Your understanding is perfectly fine.
The とは is the same as the following
よう is the ordinary auxiliary verb meaning to try to...
The passive is not exactly interacting with the preceding part, it is natural rather because the following もんだ expresses perception on the speaker's side (cf. もんだ#1). It is not impossible to use active voice like ・・・とは舐めたもんだ.
Very literally, you can think, given that とは= quotative + topic, That they are trying to catch me with this means that I'm looked down upon.
