自動運転の技術は、どのくらい自動で運転できるかで5つのレベルがあります。
The extent to which you can drive automatically is measured by 5 levels.
Obviously my translation is rather loose. A more literal translation would be "to what extent you can drive automatically で there are 5 levels".
I'm struggling to see how this で works. I feel that I want to replace it with の because the whole embedded question (which I understand can behave like a noun) is describing what the levels are. Would this be wrong? Could you please explain the で and maybe provide a couple more examples of this usage with an embedded question?