There are several words which have vowel variations. This seems like it could be a fossilization of morphological processes in an older version of Japanese. How much do we know about these processes? Can we reconstruct a grammatical or phonological explanation for these vowel variations?
雨: あめ
雨水: あまみず
月:つき
月読:つくよみ
高:たか
丈:たけ