問題の神社にも岩座があったっていうし
The stone like socle in the shrine.
What does 問題の add? My take would be something like "The shrine in question"
The 問題 is used in the following sense.
4 世間が関心をよせているもの。話題。「―の議員」
I think in question is fine. Another alternative is under discussion.
edit: I actually didn't realize 問題
had the meaning mentioned in sundowner's answer. That seems more likely, although certainty would require more context.
The Japanese の
for connecting nouns is really flexible, and can mean quite a few different things based on context. In this case, it's talking about the shrine which is the problem
. You could also write this as something like 問題である神社
or 問題になっている神社
; the most natural english translation I can think of is the problem shrine
.
Incidentally, I'm not sure if the quote in your answer was intended to be a translation, but 問題の神社にも岩座があったっていうし
is something like They say there was a stone socle in the problem shrine as well
.