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I think that the あっての in your example is different from the one in the dictionary. 悪気があっての回答 means “a reply given out of malice.” 悪気がある回答 means “a malicious reply.” The former describes the state of the person who made the reply, whereas the latter describes an attribute of the reply itself. So I would translate the two examples as I did not reply ...

Actually I don't find it surprising. It may be just my own experience but, English: [a] "When I was in (primary/secondary/middle/high/etc.) school......" (More common) as opposed to, [b] "When I was a (primary/secondary/middle/high/etc.) school student......" (Not as common) Chinese: [a] "(我在)[小/中/大]学時......" (More common) as ...

It happens in sentences where the verb acts kind of like an adjective. I mean, not exactly but here is an example: In English you might say "The person I met yesterday" which turns into "昨日会った人" (きのうあったひと) in Japanese or "The banana I ate yesterday" => "昨日食べたバナナ"。I think this is called noun phrase in English. The important thing about this is that it's ...

This happens a lot in patent translations, so you might get some hints by searching for these terms: 特許　請求項　翻訳 This site has this example: A dynamic random access memory including at least two banks, each of said banks including memory cells arranged in rows and columns, said memory cells storing data provided by at least one bit line and by at ...

ピンチ A pinch/crisis, noun. ピンチの時 At the time of a pinch crisi. If ピンチ was a な-adjective, then you would say な時 instead, but since it's a noun, you must say の時. アナタがピンチの時 Subject introduced, At the time of your pinch/crisis, or to make a smoother (slightly off) translation; When you are in a crisis. The whole clause before the は is still a ...

Yes, 「姉がくれた本が好きです。」 is correct. The first が, because it is in a clause that modifies 本, can be also be swapped with の. So 「姉のくれた本が好きです。」 is also correct, and has the same meaning. This is not the only reason that が can appear multiple times in a sentence. Predicates like 好きだ are called "double-ga" or "affective" predicates1. This class also includes ...

The most straightforward way to analyze this is to regard の as a 連体形{れんたいけい} form of copula, which only comes after nouns (and の-adjectives). あなたがピンチだ you're in a pinch あなたがピンチの時 when you're in a pinch 明日は雨だ tomorrow it will rain 明日が雨の場合 if it rains tomorrow

中心 means center and を中心に(して) means "as center". Like you suggested, 東南アジアを中心に世界各地で活躍する active all around the world, with South-East Asia as center of activity Also, 多く should not refer to 華僑, 多く stands for many, in the sense of many people. My rough translation would be ...

Yes, ～あっての　indicates an almost 100% dependency on the ～ part. My book defines it as 「～があるという条件があってはじめて～が可能」ということを強調する. Here are the accompanying examples that might make more sense: 愛あっての結婚生活だ。愛がなければ、一緒に暮らす意味がない。　→　A marriage (lifestyle) depends completely on love. If there's no love, there's no point in living together. ...

I don't see anything wrong with solution 1, but not because it makes it easier for the speaker. Breaking up complex ideas also makes things easier for the listener to digest, piece by piece. Of course it's ridiculous to take it to the level of "Here's this. Here's that. That relates to this in a certain way. . . ad nauseam". But you can and probably should ...

A relative clause construction cannot act in all ways that a noun can. Adjectival modification, genitive noun phrase, and relative clause are all different things, and behave differently syntactically. Assuming that a relative clause attaches to a noun phrase and creates a noun phrase, whose categorical status is the same, is correct. The problem is with ...

Easy one: It does not look like a relative clause, because it is not a relative clause (in Japanese nor in English). If you really must give it a grammatical label, it is a subordinate clause linked to the main clause by the subordinate conjunction "when". As long as you don't try to make this a construct that it is not, I think it is fairly ...

For one thing, it's not a complete sentence. It looks alot like a song title. 折れた淡い翼だ would be a properly formed sentence, if a somewhat odd one in isolation. One of the things you can do with plain-form sentences in japanese is use them to modify nouns. In Japanese, there's a general rule that when X modifies noun Y, the ordering is "X, then Y". A ...