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A) 1) 食べる羊 can be ① "the sheep that eats" 羊 is the subject for 食べる. 「羊が食べる」>>「食べる羊」 ② "the sheep to eat" "the sheep you/someone eat(s)" 羊 is the object for 食べる. 「羊を食べる」>>「食べる羊」 2) 食べられる羊 When the 羊 is the subject for 食べられる. 「羊が食べられる」>>「食べられる羊」 The (ら)れる can be: ① a passive auxiliary verb. "the sheep that is eaten" eg.狼に食べられる羊 ② a potential auxiliary verb. ...

In the verb+noun construction (in fact, this is a sentence+noun construcion), there is no strict rule that the noun is meant to be a subject for the verb's action. This is the most frequent case but no rule at all. The noun can also be a direct object, an indirect object, or something just associated with the action. Thus, 食べる人 can mean "the person that ...

For starters, could 「・・・食べる食事」 also mean: "a meal that (I/you/we) ("can"/will) eat"? And couldn't 「・・・食べられる食事」 mean something more like: "a meal that (I/you/we) (can/are able to) eat"? Context is important, though, as well; I'd be scared if the food was the one who was doing the eating... ;)