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も is used instead of が to add the meaning of "even" or "also." See for comparison the following examples: 日本ではクモを見ると良いことがあると言う人がいますよ In Japan, there are people who say that seeing a spider is a good thing. 日本ではクモを見ると良いことがあると言う人もいますよ In Japan, there are also people who say that seeing a spider is a good thing. Depending on context, one ...

It's saying "There are even people who say..." Since it's not really the norm to think that spiders are a good thing, it's emphasizing that there are some who do think so. が would work fine as well, but the も gives it the emphasis that even though this thing is unexpected or in the minority, there are some people who take that side.

Adding も after で is possible and usual. See Particles で and　も　and でも. Adding でも after で is also possible, and ででも is not unseen, but the first で is often omitted.

Try looking at the sentence without that その10倍もの part, first: 人間の脳には、約140億の神経細胞と神経細胞を支持する細胞があります。 The sentence seems to be focusing on the following types of cells in the human brain: 神経細胞 and 神経細胞を支持する細胞 But the first type of cell has a numerical amount given: 約140億の. When the その10倍もの part is added before 神経細胞を支持する細胞, it seems to be building off of the ...

The も suggests that there are (possibly a lot or more) companies that keep up with society's changes, but there are also those that don't. が　is also possible here, in which case the meaning would have no reference to companies that keep up with the changes. It doesn't change the overall meaning, but does change the scope of what the speaker is referencing. ...

I believe the も basically just acts as emphasis. This is supported by weblio's definition of ても (連語): 「て」を強める意を表す。 You could think of 考えてごらん as "You should think about it.". It's a straightforward suggestion. By contrast, 考えてもごらん is "You should really, totally think about it, trust me, just do it!". ...But actually, I guess that only parallels one sort ...

Here でも means "even" or "also". Even a card is OK? Even in Nagoya (they) sell (them)?/ It's sold even in Nagoya? Depending on context it can also mean: It's also sold in Nagoya? see this example for reference: 群馬のある民宿でも売っています。 There is a lodge in Gunma that also sells them.